针对我国工作面两巷超前支护区域由于应力集中程度增大和支护能力较差而引发的冒顶、冲击地压等愈发严重的问题，采用理论、对比及分类等方法，研究工作面开采特征及与两巷在矿压上的差别，分析支护对巷道稳定性影响以及工作面与两巷超前支护匹配性，研究巷道液压支护设计方法。研究结果表明：①由于开采深度、开采空间以及开采强度增大，采场矿压显现增强，与工作面相比，两巷应力集中程度更高，受采动影响范围更大，围岩破坏更严重，对支护要求更高；②巷道支护技术及装备发展严重滞后于工作面，单体液压支柱由于支护强度低、护顶效果差、稳定性差，加剧了工作面与两巷支护的不匹配；③巷道支护强度对工作面两巷稳定性具有重要影响，应当采取初撑力较高、刚度较大的液压支架对巷道加强支护；④系统地对巷道超前支护液压支架进行分类，总结每种支架类型特征、优缺点及适用巷道条件，并提出两巷超前液压支护设计方法。

In view of the serious problems concerning roof fall and rock burst caused by the increase of stress concentration and poor support ability, methods consisted of theory, comparison and classification is adopted to study the ground pressure characteristics and the difference of mining pressure between working face and its entries, to analyze the influence of support on the entries’ stability and the support matching of working face and its entries, and to research the design method of hydraulic support in entries. The results show that:① Due to the increase of mining depth, mining space and mining intensity, the ground pressure of stope increases. Compared with the working face, there is higher stress concentration degree, larger mining influence area, more serious surrounding rock damage and higher support requirements in entries; ②The development of roadway support technology and equipment lags behind the working face seriously, and the support mismatch between the working face and its entries is aggravated because of its low support strength, poor roofing effect and poor stability; ③ Support strength has a major impact on the stability of entries and hydraulic powered supports with higher initial support force and greater stiffness should be applied to strengthen the support; ④The roadway advanced hydraulic powered supports are classified systematically, the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages and applicable conditions of hydraulic powered supports are summarized, and the design method of advanced hydraulic support for enties is proposed.

0 引言

1 冲击地压矿井综采工作面开采矿压特征

   1.1 随采深增加采场地应力水平增高

   1.2 随开采空间增大采场应力影响范围增大

   1.3 随开采强度增加矿震增多

   1.4 冲击地压及顶板事故主要发生于两巷

2 工作面及其两巷矿压对比分析

   2.1 巷道应力集中程度更高

   2.2 巷道受采动影响范围更大，所需支护时间长

   2.3 巷道围岩变形破坏更严重，控制难度高

3 工作面支护与两巷超前支护对比

   3.1 巷道支护技术及装备发展严重滞后于工作面

   3.2 单体液压支柱加剧了两巷与工作面支护不匹配

4 支护对巷道冲击地压影响分析

   4.1 巷道围岩力学模型

   4.2 巷道冲击地压发生理论解

   4.3 支护对巷道冲击地压的影响

5 两巷超前液压支护设计

   5.1 适应我国巷道条件的液压支架类型

   5.2 巷道液压支护设计方法

   5.3 巷道液压支护设计算例

6 结论