赵家寨矿“三软”厚煤层回采巷道为锚网支护全煤巷道，掘进过程中时常遇到松软破碎围岩段，该围岩条件下普遍存在锚固孔成孔质量差、塌孔现象严重及锚固力低下等瓶颈问题。为有效解决其支护难题，改善局部破坏严重段的巷道支护效果，研发了一种钻封注一体化注浆锚杆。采用理论分析、实验室实验及现场试验相结合的研究方式，对钻封注一体化注浆锚杆锚固机理、注浆效果及锚固性能进行了分析，研究结果显示:钻封注一体化注浆锚杆，具有较好的注浆封孔效果，可减少松软破碎煤巷注浆加固流程，加快施工进度;该注浆锚杆在松软和破碎煤体钻进过程中，注浆锚杆振动响应特征表现较大差异，依此实现煤体条件的判别，可为巷道围岩注浆参数设计及差异化注浆提供理论依据;实验室超声波无损检测注浆效果显示，该注浆锚杆能有效实现松软及破碎煤体注浆，且浆液扩散效果良好，说明该注浆锚杆可对该类巷道围岩实现良好的注浆加固作用;注浆锚杆现场拉拔试验结果显示，在松软破碎围岩条件下，相较于普通树脂锚杆，注浆锚杆锚固力提升约36.4%，说明该注浆锚杆能够对围岩起到更好的锚固作用。上述研究结果表明，钻封注一体化注浆锚杆，可明显简化松软破碎煤巷注浆加固流程，同时，可对松软破碎煤巷围岩起到更好的锚固效果，研究成果为提升松软破碎煤巷控制效果。

The mining roadway in the three soft thick coal seam of Zhaojiazhai Mine is an anchor net supported whole coal roadway,and the soft and broken surrounding rock sections are often encountered in the process of roadway excavation.Under the surrounding rock conditions,the key problems are common,such as poor anchor hole formation quality,serious hole collapse and low anchoring force.In order to effectively solve the support problems and improve the support effect of severely damaged local sections,a drilling sealing injection integrated grouting bolt was developed.Using a combination of theoretical analysis,laboratory experiments and field tests,the anchoring mechanism,grouting effect and anchoring performance of the drilling sealing injection integrated grouting bolt were analyzed.The research results show that the drilling sealing injection integrated grouting bolt has a better effect of grouting and sealing,which can reduce the grouting and strengthening process of soft and broken coal roadway and speed up the construction progress.During the drilling process of soft and broken surrounding rock,the vibration response characteristics of the grouting bolt are quite different.Based on this,the coal body conditions can be discriminated,which can be used for the design of grouting parameters and provides a theoretical basis for the differential grouting of roadway surrounding rock.Laboratory ultrasonic non destructive testing on grouting effect shows that the grouting bolt can effectively achieve the grouting of loose and broken coal bodies,and the slurry diffusion effect is good,indicating that the grouting bolt can achieve a good effect of grouting reinforcement for surrounding rock.The pullout test results of grouting bolt show that under soft and broken surrounding rock conditions,the anchoring force of the grouting bolt is increased by about 36.40% compared with the resin bolt,indicating that the grouting bolt can play a better anchoring effect on the surrounding rock.The above research results show that the drilling sealing injection integrated grouting bolt can significantly simplify the grouting and reinforcement process of the soft and broken coal roadway.At the same time,it can play a better anchoring effect on the surrounding rock of the soft and broken coal roadway.

1 钻封注一体化锚杆设计及其锚固机理

   1.1 钻封注一体化注浆锚杆设计

   1.2 钻封注一体化注浆锚杆锚固机理

2 钻封注一体化注浆锚杆工作效果检测实验方案及测试仪器

   2.1 实验方案及主要内容

   2.2 主要测试仪器

3 模型构建及实验过程

   3.1 相似模拟模型制作

   3.2 钻进过程振动信息监测

   3.3 注浆加固实验过程

   3.4 超声波无损检测注浆效果

4 实验结果

   4.1 钻进过程中注浆锚杆振动特征分析

   4.2 超声波无损检测注浆实验结果分析

5 钻封注一体化注浆锚杆现场试验

   5.1 试验巷道概况

   5.2 试验方案及测点布置

   5.3 钻进过程振动特征分析及锚固性能测试

6 结论