煤直接液化过程中经减压蒸馏产生了约30%左右的煤液化残渣，煤直接液化残渣主要由未分离的重油、未转化的煤、催化剂等有机质与无机质构成，开发煤直接液化残渣的高效清洁利用方式，有利于实现煤炭资源的合理化应用，有利于提高煤液化工艺的完整性、降低液化成本。论述了煤直接液化残渣的组成与结构，介绍了煤直接液化残渣中有机沥青烯、前沥青烯、有机大分子残渣、无机灰渣、催化剂的化学组成，通过不同的萃取方式，可以实现煤液化残渣的高效萃取及应用。系统介绍了煤直接液化残渣在气化制氢、气化制浆、共气化工艺及气体排放等方面研究，煤直接液化残渣的热解可以制备煤焦油，共热解方式改变了煤焦油的结构，提高了煤焦油的产率。煤直接液化残渣作为碳素制品可以为其提供碳源，同时煤直接液化残渣中的无机催化剂促进了新型炭材料的形成。煤直接液化残渣的结构与天然湖沥青结构相似，是潜在的沥青改性剂，利用族组成分析法评价了改性沥青的改性效果，其能够实现对石油沥青的改性；通过相容性评价，进一步优化了煤直接液化残渣的改性性能。对煤直接液化残渣的应用做了进一步展望，煤直接液化残渣在性质与应用方面的研究相当一部分还处于试验研究阶段，煤直接液化残渣的萃取与应用存在许多问题。

In the process of direct coal liquefaction，about 30% of coal liquefaction residues are produced by vacuum distillation. The coal direct liquefaction residues are mainly composed of unseparated heavy oil，unconverted coal，catalysts and other organic and inorganic substances. The development of coal direct liquefaction residues efficient and clean utilization methods are conducive to the rational application of coal resources and the improvement of the integrity and cost of coal liquefaction. This article mainly introduces the composition and structure of coal direct liquefaction residue，and the chemical composition of organic asphaltene，pre-asphaltene，organic macromolecular residue，inorganic ash residue and catalyst in coal direct liquefaction residue are introduced in detail. Through different ways of extraction，high-efficiency extraction and application of coal liquefaction residues can be achieved.The article systemly introduces the contents of coal direct liquefaction residues in gasification hydrogen production，gasification pulping，co-gasification process and gas discharge，etc. The pyrolysis of coal direct liquefaction residues can produce coal tar，and the co-pyrolysis method changes the structure of coal tar and improves the yield of coal tar. The coal direct liquefaction residue as a carbon product can provide a carbon source for it，and the inorganic catalyst in the coal direct liquefaction residue promotes the formation of new carbon materials. The structure of the coal direct liquefaction residue is similar to the structure of natural lake asphalt，and it is a potential asphalt modifier. The modification effect of each component on petroleum asphalt is analyzed by family composition to achieve the modification of petroleum asphalt. Through the compatibility evaluation method，the modification performance of coal direct liquefaction residue is further improved. The application of coal direct liquefaction residue is further prospected. However，a considerable part of the research on the properties and applications of coal direct liquefaction residues is still in the experimental research stage，and there are many problems in the extraction and application stages of coal direct liquefaction residues.

0 引言

1 煤直接液化残渣的组成与性质

   1.1 组成与结构特性

   1.2 组分萃取及溶解特性研究

2 煤直接液化残渣的应用

   2.1 气化

   2.2 热解

   2.3 炭材料的制备

   2.4 沥青改性剂

3 结论与展望