CCUS(Carbon Capture,Utilization and Storage，碳捕集、利用与封存）技术是减少化石能源发电和工业生产过程中CO₂排放的关键技术，也是我国实现碳中和的兜底技术。CO₂地质封存是CCUS技术的核心组成部分，决定了CCUS技术的发展潜力和发展方向，建立适用我国地质特点的CO₂封存潜力评价方法，科学评估我国主要沉积盆地CO₂封存潜力是我国CCUS技术发展的基础。国外将CO₂地质封存潜力评价分为国家/州级筛选、盆地级评价、场址描述、场址应用4个阶段，并将封存地质体特征、区域地质、评估目的、地方保护、社会健康、封存安全和环境风险等作为主要指标，形成了一系列盆地级别评价指标体系，同时针对不同封存地质体，建立了CSLF(碳封存领导人论坛）法、DOE(美国能源部）法、欧盟法，ECOFYS和TNO-TING法等CO₂封存量计算方法。我国封存潜力评估整体处于起步阶段，尚未建立统一、系统的封存潜力评估方法，采用的封存潜力评价方法主要是基于层次分析法的模糊综合评价，并发展了封存潜力的次级盆地评价方法和CO₂封存量的溶解度计算方法。我国CO₂地质封存潜力巨大、方式多样，封存有利区域为渤海湾盆地、松辽盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地、准噶尔盆地、苏北盆地和四川盆地。由于中国地质条件的复杂性，采用不同评价方法评估得到的CO₂封存潜力差距较大，亟需对深部咸水层、正在开采或枯竭的油气田、深部不可采煤层、浅海等主要封存地质体开展CO₂封存潜力的精细评估。

CCUS (Carbon Capture,Utilization and Storage) is a crucial technology that can be used to reduce CO₂ emissions of electricity generated from fossil energy and industrial process. It plays an important role in China’s Carbon Neutral. CO₂ geological storage is the key component of the CCUS which determines the development potential and development direction of CCUS. Therefore,establishing the evaluation method of CO₂ sequestration capacity that suit for China’s geologic characteristic and estimating the CO₂ storage capacity of China’s main basins are the foundation of the CCUS development in China. The evaluation of CO₂ sequestration capacity was divided into four steps at abroad,named as country/state evaluation,basin estimate,site description,and site application,respectively. Considering geological characteristics,regional geology,assessment purpose,local protection,social health,the safety of storage and environment as key indicators for evaluation,a series of assessment indicator systems of basin estimate were established. Meanwhile,different calculation methods of CO₂ sequestration capacity were put forward for different geological bodies of CO₂ storage,such as CSLF (Carbon Sequestration Leaders Forum) method,DOE (United States Department of Energy) method,European Union method,and ECOFYS and TNO-TING method. The evaluation of CO₂ sequestration capacity in China is in its infancy,that Unified and systematic evaluation method of CO₂ sequestration capacity has not been established. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation based on analytic hierarchy process was the main method used in CO₂ sequestration capacity evaluation in China,and evaluation method of subsidiary basin estimate and solubility calculation method for CO₂ sequestration capacity were put forward. China has huge potential and diversified geological bodies for CO₂ geological storage,and Bohai bay basin,Songliao basin,Ordos basin,Jungar basin,Subei basin,and Sichuan basin are favorable areas for CO₂ geological storage. Due to the complex geological conditions,the CO₂ sequestration capacities of China obtained from different evaluation methods are to be a great discrepancy. Therefore,detailed assessment of CO₂ sequestration capacity for means geological bodies urgently need to be carried out,including deep saline formations,being exploited and depleted oil and gas field,deep unminable coal seams,and shallow sea.

0 引言

1 CO₂地质封存潜力评价方法

   1.1 CO₂地质封存潜力表征模型

   1.2 CO₂地质封存适宜性评价体系

   1.3 CO₂地质封存量计算方法

2 中国主要地质体CO₂封存潜力

   2.1 深部不可采煤层CO₂封存潜力

   2.2 深部咸水层封存CO₂封存潜力

   2.3 枯竭油气藏CO₂封存潜力

   2.4 浅海CO₂封存潜力

3 结论及展望