“以自然恢复为主，与人工修复相结合”作为生态修复的基本原则，其引出的关键科学问题是，如何认知并利用自然恢复能力、如何协同人工干预与自然恢复。本文重点讨论分析了引导型矿山生态修复的基本原理和技术框架，以破解人工干预和自然恢复之间的争议和困惑，更好地处理两者之间的关系。引导型矿山生态修复的就是明确何时干预、何处干预、如何干预、干预程度等基础问题。引导型矿山生态修复强调了人工干预的针对性、及时性、持久性和有效性，以减少人工过度修复的人力、物力成本和能量消耗，是符合“双碳”目标的。分析表明，引导型矿山生态修复的主要理论基础是生态系统的抵抗力和恢复力等。引导型矿山生态修复技术框架的主要内容包括矿山生态问题诊断、引导修复方向的判定、引导修复的关键对象或区位的确定、引导修复的合理程度或生态阈值的识别、以及修复技术措施筛选等技术环节。生态修复的本质是对生态关系的修复，因此，矿山生态关系、过程、规律感知是引导修复的前提；障碍性和限制性影响因子和景观格局过程是引导修复的主要对象；生态阈值和生态参数的调控是科学引导的关键。引导型矿山生态修复模式的修复目标和对象明确、干预程度合理、能有效降低修复成本、提升矿山生态系统自维持能力，符合自然恢复和人工修复相结合的理念和现实需求，是传统人工干预修复模式的发展升级，可以在我国矿山生态修复工作中进一步研究推广。

“Ecology restoration mainly by nature and combining with artificial restoration” has been taken as the basic principle of ecological restoration. The questions on how to recognize and make use of the ability of natural restoration，and how to cooperate between artificial restoration and natural restoration have been key scientific issues. This paper focuses on the discussion and analysis of the basic principle and technical framework of guided restoration for mine ecosystem，so as to solve the disputes and confusion between manual intervention and natural restoration，better deal with the relationship between manual restoration and natural restoration，and innovate the theory and technology of mine ecological restoration. The key of guided restoration for mine ecosystem is appropriate manual intervention，which answers when to intervene，what elements or locations of the ecosystem to intervene，and how to intervene. The guided restoration for mine ecosystem emphasizes the pertinence，timeliness，persistence and effectiveness of manual intervention，and reduces the human and material costs and energy consumption of excessive restoration，which meets the target of carbon reduction and carbon neutralization. The analysis shows that the main theoretical basis of guided restoration for mine ecosystem is the theory of ecosystem resistance and resilience. The technical framework of the guided restoration for mine ecosystem mainly includes mine ecological problem diagnosis，determination of restoration directions，determination of key objects or parts of guided restoration，identification of reasonable degree or ecological threshold of guided restoration，and appropriate guided restoration technical measures. The essence of ecological restoration is the restoration of ecological relations. Therefore，the process and law perception is the premise to guide the restoration. The obstacle and restrictive impact factors，and ecological process optimization are the main objects to guide the restoration. The regulation of ecological threshold and ecological parameters is the key to reasonable guidance. The newly developed guided restoration for mine ecosystem has clear objectives，reasonable intervention degree，effective reduction of restoration cost and improvement of ecological self sustaining ability，which is the development and upgrade of the traditional artificial restoration model. It also meets the concept and practical needs of the combination of natural restoration and artificial restoration，and can be further developed and promoted in the mine ecological restoration in China.

1 引导型矿山生态修复的基本原理

2 引导型矿山生态修复的技术框架

3 结语