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主办单位:煤炭科学研究总院有限公司、中国煤炭学会学术期刊工作委员会
水文融合的草原露天矿内排土场地貌重塑优化
  • Title

    Landform reshaping optimization of inner dump based on hydrological fusion in grassland open-pit coal mine

  • 作者

    夏嘉南李根生李园园卞正富雷少刚

  • Author

    XIA Jianan;LI Gensheng;LI Yuanyuan;BIAN Zhengfu;LEI Shaogang

  • 单位

    中国矿业大学 公共管理学院中国矿业大学 矿山生态修复教育部工程研究中心

  • Organization
    School of Public Policy & Manage, China University of Mining & Technology
    Engineering Research Center of Ministry ofEducation for Mine Ecological Restoration, China University of Mining & Technology
  • 摘要

    草原露天煤矿内排土场地貌受采−排−复活动中塑形方式与土方量等因素影响,面临景观破碎、水土流失等生态环境问题。在现有工艺与团队已有成果上,为进一步实现矿区重塑地貌与周边水文相融,构建基于水文保留曲面(HPCS) 的采复子区划定优化模型,以新疆黑山露天矿内排土场为例,构建优化后的HPCS 下近自然设计地貌(MNNDL_HPCS) 为实验组,NNDL_HPCS、原始自然地貌(PNL) 和传统设计地貌(TDL)3 者为对照组,结合空间叠加分析与地貌演化模拟技术,评价MNNDL_HPCS 在水文融合、土方调配与土壤抗水蚀3 方面的优化效果。结果表明:① 采复子区划定上, MNNDL_HPCS 内除开采子区位置划定调整外, 其余区域位置保持不变;② 水文融合上,以PNL 为基准,MNNDL_HPCS 视觉效果最优,并在水文沟道空间重叠率和水文融合率指标上,分别较NNDL_HPCS 与TDL 高52.84% 和7.04%,与66.66% 和18.11%;③ 土方调配上,MNNDL_HPCS 土方平均运距较NNDL_HPCS 缩减约0.98 m/m3,较TDL 高约4.93%,土方运移成本较优化前略有降低;④ 土壤抗水蚀能力上,MNNDL_HPCS 较PNL、NNDL_HPCS和TDL 10 年可分别减少约31.65%、56.86% 和80.59% 的土壤水蚀总量,其中平均坡度缓和(0.28°) 是MNNDL_HPCS 土壤抗水蚀优于PNL 的主因,其通过HPCS 模型内坡度缓和优化模块实现。研究成果可助于恢复研究矿区内原径流通道和原地貌与景观,提高矿区生态修复稳定性。

  • Abstract
    The landform of the inner dump in the grassland open-pit coal mine is affected by factors such as the shapingmethod and the amount of earthwork in the mining-dumping-reclaiming activities, and it faces ecological and environmentalproblems such as landscape fragmentation and soil erosion. Based on the existing technologies and the team'sachievements, in order to further realize the integration of the reshaped landform and the surrounding hydrology in themining area, an optimization model for the delineation of the mining complex sub-area based on the hydrological preservationsurface (HPCS) was constructed. Taking the inner dump site in the Heishan open-pit coal mine in Xinjiang as an example, the optimized near-natural design landform under HPCS (MNNDL_HPCS) was used as the experimental group,and the NNDL_HPCS, the original natural landform (PNL) and the traditional design landform (TDL) were used as thecontrol group. Combined with spatial superposition analysis and geomorphological evolution simulation technology, theoptimization effects of the MNNDL_HPCS in hydrological integration, earthwork allocation and soil water erosion resistancewere evaluated. The result shows: ① in the delineation of the mining sub-area, except for the adjustment of the locationof the mining sub-area in the MNNDL_HPCS, the positions of the rest of the areas remain unchanged. ② Comparedwith hydrological fusion, with the PNL as the benchmark, the MNNDL_HPCS has the best visual effect. Specifically, thespatial overlap rate of hydrological channels is 52.84% higher than that of the NNDL_HPCS and 66.66% higher than thatof the TDL; the index of hydrological fusion rate is 7.04% higher than that of the NNDL_HPCS and 18.11% higher thanthat of the TDL. ③ Compared with earthwork deployment, the average earthwork distance of the MNNDL_HPCS isabout 0.98 m/m3 shorter than that of the NNDL_HPCS, and about 4.93% higher than that of the TDL. Therefore, the earthmoving cost is slightly lower than that before optimization. ④ Comparing soil water erosion resistance, theMNNDL_HPCS can reduce the total amount of soil water erosion by about 31.65%, 56.86% and 80.59% over 10 yearscompared with the PNL, NNDL_HPCS and TDL, respectively. In addition, the average slope mitigation (0.28°) is themain reason why the soil water erosion resistance of the MNNDL_HPCS is better than that of the PNL, which is realizedby the slope mitigation optimization module in the HPCS model. The research results can restore the original runoff channelsand original landforms and landscapes in the mining area to the maximum extent, improve the stability of ecologicalrestoration in the mining area.
  • 关键词

    露天煤矿内排土场地貌重塑水文融合矿山生态修复

  • KeyWords

    open-pit mine;inner dumping site;landform reshaping;hydrological fusion;mine ecological restoration

  • 基金项目(Foundation)
    国家自然科学基金新疆联合基金资助项目(U1903209);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFC0501107);国家科技基础性工作专项资助项目(2014FY110800)
  • DOI
  • 引用格式
    夏嘉南,李根生,李园园,等. 水文融合的草原露天矿内排土场地貌重塑优化[J]. 煤炭学报,2023,48(4):1673−1686
  • Citation
    XIA Jianan,LI Gensheng,LI Yuanyuan,et al. Landform reshaping optimization of inner dump based on hydrological fusion in grassland open-pit coal mine[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2023,48(4):1673−1686
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  • 图表
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