急倾斜煤层开采难度大，研发新的安全、高效、绿色开采方法迫切。总结分析了目前急倾斜厚煤层开采常用的水平分段综放、走向长壁综采和走向长壁综放三种技术现状，针对水平分段综放技术还需要在采放工艺、合理分段高度、顶煤冒放性与端头放煤、智能开采等几个方面进行深入研究，以进一步提高顶煤采出率和开采效率；走向长壁综采技术还需继续研究工作面布置、设备的防倒防滑与开采工艺等问题；走向长壁综放技术需要科学合理地利用放煤规律并制定合理的采放工艺，以提高工作面支架稳定性和顶煤采出率。根据急倾斜煤层的赋存特点，提出了现代煤炭地下气化开采技术、新式水力采煤技术两种流态化开采技术构想。以创造有效气流运动、理想反应强度及最高能量利用效率为思想，提出了针对急倾斜煤层的两种气化炉型：单气化面线性开采气化炉和双气化面U型地下气化炉，总结了急倾斜煤层气化开采仍需深入研究的关键技术，包括气化过程的控制与强化、气化反应空间管理、气化工作面探测技术、地下水污染防治与控制。针对煤层厚度较大但不能进行水平分段开采的急倾斜煤层，可尝试水力开采并提出了该种条件下水力机械化开采的巷道布置构想；在厚度较小的急倾斜煤层中，可探索类似于煤炭地下气化的流态化开采技术以实现不掘进巷道和井下无人的远程水力采煤，是未来难采急倾斜煤层流态化开采的重要研究方向。

The steeply inclined coal seams are difficult to mine and it is urgent to develop new,safe, efficient and green mining methods. The current status of three technologies commonly used for steeply inclined coal seam mining, horizontal sublevel top-coal caving, strike longwall fully mechanized mining and strike longwall fully mechanized top-coal caving technology, were summarized and analyzed. For horizontal sublevel top-coal caving technology, in-depth research on mining and drawing technology, reasonable sublevel height,top-coal cavibility, top-coal drawing at face end, and intelligent mining are need to be carried out for further improving the top-coal recovery and mining efficiency. For the fully mechanized longwall mining technology, it is necessary to continue to study the working face layout, anti-sliding and anti-skid of equipment, and mining technology. For the longwall fully mechanized top-coal caving technology, it is necessary to use the top-coal drawing law scientifically and formulate reasonable mining and drawing technology to improve the stability of the shield supports and top-coal recovery. According to the occurrence characteristics of steeply inclined coal seams, two fluidized mining technology concepts, modern underground gasification mining and new hydraulic coal mining, were proposed. With the idea of creating effective airflow, ideal reaction intensity and highest energy utilization efficiency, two types of gasifiers for steep coal seams are proposed: linear mining gasifier with single gasification face and U-type underground gasifier with double gasification faces. It is concluded that the gasification of steeply inclined coal seams still requires in-depth research on key technologies such as gasification process control and enhancement, gasification reaction space management, gasification face detection technology, groundwater pollution prevention and control. For steeply inclined thick coal seams that cannot be mined with horizontal sublevel top-coal caving technology, hydraulic mining can be tried and a roadway layout concept for hydraulic mechanized mining under this condition was proposed; for steeply inclined coal seams with a small thickness, fluidized mining technology like underground coal gasification can be explored to realize unmanned remote underground hydraulic mining without driving roadways, which is an important research direction for fluidized mining of difficult-to-mine steeply inclined coal seams in the future.

0 引言

1 水平分段综放开采技术

   1.1 采放工艺

   1.2 分段高度

   1.3 顶煤冒放性与端头放煤

   1.4 智能开采

2 走向长壁综采技术

   2.1 工作面布置

   2.2 设备的防倒防滑与开采工艺

3 走向长壁综放技术

   3.1 放煤规律

   3.2 采放工艺

4 急倾斜煤层的气化开采

   4.1 急倾斜煤层气化开采的可行性

   4.2 急倾斜煤层气化开采关键技术

5 急倾斜煤层水力机械化采煤法

   5.1 水力采煤常用方式

   5.2 新式水力采煤方法构想

6 结论