煤炭作为我国经济发展的重要能源支撑，未来一段时间内，其在能源消费中仍将保持主导地位，随着相关技术装备的不断发展，我国部分矿井已实现单井单面产量突破千万吨，煤炭资源安全高效开发是我国未来科技发展的重要方向。依托国家重点研发计划项目“煤矿超高与超长工作面高效综采关键技术及装备”，以超高与超长工作面高效开采为核心，介绍了国内外超高与超长高效综采工作面的岩层控制理论、技术与综采装备发展现状，围绕“超大开采空间全覆岩三维动态破断规律与超高煤壁失稳破坏机理”“超大开采空间强矿压覆岩结构改造及其应力调控机理”“多重动载作用下超高与超长综采装备群动态响应及高效智能协同作业机制”三大科学问题，开展“超大开采空间全覆岩破断运移机理及围岩协同控制理论”、“超大开采空间强矿压区域压裂卸压技术与装备”“超高与超长工作面智能开采成套装备”“超高与超长工作面装备群智能协同控制技术与装备”“超高与超长工作面高效综采工程示范”5项技术攻关。实践表明，我国部分超高与超长采煤工作面已形成成套技术及装备体系，为我国地质条件较为简单的厚煤层及中厚煤层矿区煤炭资源的安全、高效、绿色开采提供了可靠保障。指出了我国超高与超长高效综采工作面理论技术与装备及其控制的发展方向。

As an important energy support for China”s economic development, coal will remain dominant in energy consumption for a period of time in the future. With the continuous development of related technical equipment, some mines in China have achieved a single-well single-side output of more than 10 million tons. Safe and efficient development of coal resources is an important direction for China”s future scientific and technological development. This paper relies on the national key research and development plan project “Key Technologies and Equipment for Efficient Fully Mechanized Mining of Super-high and Super-long Working Faces in Coal Mines”, and takes the efficient mining of super-high and super-long working faces as the core. The rock control theory, technology and fully mechanized mining equipment development status of super-high and super-long high-efficiency fully mechanized mining faces at home and abroad are introduced. This paper focuses on three major scientific issues: “three-dimensional dynamic fracture law of full overburden rock in super-large mining space and instability failure mechanism of super-high coal wall”, “structural transformation and stress regulation mechanism of strong overburden rock in super-large mining space”, “dynamic response and efficient intelligent collaborative operation mechanism of super-high and super-long fully mechanized mining equipment group under multiple dynamic loads”. Five technical breakthroughs are carried out, including “fracture and migration mechanism of full overburden rock in super large mining space and collaborative control theory of surrounding rock”, “fracturing and pressure relief technology and equipment in strong mine pressure area of super large mining space”, “intelligent mining complete equipment of super high and super long working face”, “intelligent collaborative control technology and equipment of equipment group of super high and super long working face”, “high efficiency fully mechanized mining engineering demonstration of super high and super long working face”. Practice shows that some ultra-high and ultra-long coal mining faces in China have formed a complete set of technology and equipment system, which provides a reliable guarantee for the safe, efficient and green mining of coal resources in thick and medium-thick coal seam mining areas with relatively simple geological conditions in China. The development direction of theoretical technology, equipment and control of super-high and super-long high-efficiency fully mechanized mining face in China is pointed out.