近年来我国VOCs治理工程事故频发，根本原因在于VOCs治理项目设计、建设和运行中缺乏系统科学的安全理论、方法和工具的指导。剖析了VOCs治理工程的本质，概述了化工安全评价的理论、方法和常用工具，对比分析了VOCs治理工程项目与化工项目的异同。在此基础上结合VOCs治理工程特点选取并修正了化工安全评价方法，确定了信息共享模式，初步构建出集安全检查表、HAZOP、风险矩阵、LOPA、FTA和冲击波超压计算于一体的VOCs治理工程安全评价体系。HAZOP分析得到的初始事件频率和后果严重程度可作为风险矩阵分析的数据来源，风险矩阵对事故风险等级的判断可筛选出较严重的事故，以便进一步开展LOPA分析，HAZOP识别出的初始事件还可以为FTA分析提供原因事件。该体系对VOCs治理工程具有针对性，能够扬长避短、将多种方法紧密结合，实现评价方法之间数据的有效共享，评价过程系统、高效、有层次。

In recent years,accidents occur frequently in VOCs treatment installations and processes,resulting from the fact that there is not developed safety assessment methodology available for design,construction,and operation of VOCs purification projects. The intrinsic characteristics of VOCs treatment projects was discussed,a survey of theory,method and tools for safety assessment of chemical processes was conducted,the similarities and differences between VOCs treatment projects and chemical processes were figured out. On this basis,combined with the characteristics of VOCs treatment engineering,the chemical safety evaluation method is selected and revised. A VOCs treatment engineering safety evaluation system of integrating safety check list (SCL),hazard and operability study (HAZOP),risk matrix,layer of protection analysis (LOPA),fault tree analysis (FTA) and shock wave overpressure calculation is preliminarily constructed,and the information sharing mode is determined. The initial event frequency and consequence severity obtained from HAZOP analysis can be used as the data source of risk matrix analysis,and the assessment of accident risk level by risk matrix can figure out more serious accidents for further LOPA analysis. Besides,the initial events identified by HAZOP can also provide accident events for FTA analysis. This safety assessment methodology is targeted for VOCs treatment project,combines several safety assessment methods closely and efficiently share data among methods,and the assessment process is systematic,efficient and hierarchy.

0 引言

1 VOCs治理工程的本质

2 化工安全评价方法概述

3 VOCs治理工程与化工工程的差异

4 VOCs治理工程安全评价体系构建

   4.1 安全评价方法的选取

   4.2 安全评价方法的修正

   4.3 安全评价方法的信息共享

   4.4 VOCs治理工程安全评价体系的构建

5 结论