近年，可再生能源的快速发展提高了对电力供应系统灵活性运行的要求。未来几年燃煤机组深度调峰将成为常态。燃煤发电机组的灵活性改造是解决火电与新能源发展之间冲突的重要举措。为提高燃煤发电机组的深度调峰能力，提出燃煤发电-储热耦合技术。耦合技术能够实现热电解耦，提升机组的深度调峰能力与灵活运行特性，为新能源提供更多的上网空间。针对燃煤发电-储热耦合技术，论述了可应用于燃煤机组的3种物理储热技术：热水储热、相变填充床储热与熔盐储热技术，并分析3种储热技术的特点，提出未来3种物理储热技术的研究方向。总结评价储能装置热力性能的指标，包括蓄放热功率、无量纲温度、Richardson数、蓄放热效率。同时建立燃煤发电-储热耦合系统的调峰能力计算模型，将燃煤发电机组的电热特性与储热系统计算模型耦合，以此分析燃煤发电-储热耦合系统的调峰能力。提出燃煤发电-储热耦合系统合理的运行机制，建立评价耦合系统的热力性能指标：储热过程、放热过程与全过程的热效率、系统调峰容量与调峰裕度。构建燃煤发电-储热耦合系统的电热综合调度模型，模型包括目标函数与调度约束。其中调度约束包括电力平衡约束、供热约束、可再生能源出力约束、电功率约束、热功率约束、爬坡速度约束、储热装置的蓄放热能力约束、储热装置容量约束。以燃煤发电-储热耦合系统的电热综合模型作为调度系统合理安排配置储热后系统运行规划的决策工具，为电力系统提供运行规划策略。燃煤发电-储热耦合技术利用储热技术在热能利用方面的灵活性，根据外界热负荷的波动及时调节系统供热量，有效满足不同时段的热需求，增加了燃煤发电机组的调峰容量，达到提升综合系统消纳可再生能源水平、移峰填谷的目的，构建新型电力供应系统。

In recent years,the rapid development of renewable energy  has raised the demand for flexible operation of the power supply system. Deep peaking of coal-fired units will become the norm in the coming years. The flexibility modification of coal-fired generating units is an important step to resolve the conflict between thermal power and new energy development. In order to improve the deep peaking capability of coal-fired generating units,the coupling technology of coal-fired power generation and thermal storage was proposed. The coupling technology can achieve thermal-electrolytic coupling,enhance the deep peaking ability and flexible operation characteristics of the unit,and provide more space for new energy to access the grid. For the coupled coal-fired power generation-thermal storage technology,three types of physical thermal storage technologies that can be applied to coal-fired units,namely hot water thermal storage,phase change filled bed thermal storage and molten salt thermal storage were presented,and the characteristics of the three types of thermal storage technologies were analyzed and the research direction of the three physical heat storage technologies in the future was put forward. The indicators for evaluating the thermal performance of energy storage devices were summarized,including thermal storage and discharge power,dimensionless temperature,richardson number and thermal storage and discharge efficiency. A model for calculating the peaking capacity of the coupled coal-fired power generation-thermal storage system was also established,and the electro-thermal characteristics of the coal-fired power generation unit were coupled with the calculation model of the thermal storage system,so as to analyze the peaking capacity of the coupled coal-fired power generation-thermal storage system. A reasonable operation mechanism for the coupled coal-fired power generation-heat storage system was proposed,and the thermal performance indicators for evaluating the coupled system were established,namely the thermal efficiency of the heat storage process,the heat release process and the whole process,and the peak regulation capacity and peak regulation margin of the system. A comprehensive electric and thermal dispatch model of the coupled coal-fired power generation-heat storage system was constructed,which included the objective function and dispatch constraints. The scheduling constraints include power balance constraint,heat supply constraint,renewable energy output constraint,electric power constraint,thermal power constraint,climbing speed constraint,heat storage capacity constraint and heat storage capacity constraint. The integrated electric and thermal model of the coupled coal-fired power generation-thermal storage system is used as a decision-making tool for the scheduling system to reasonably arrange the system operation planning after the configuration of thermal storage,which provides an operation planning strategy for the power system. The coupled coal-fired power generation-thermal storage technology utilizes the flexibility of thermal energy utilization of thermal storage technology to adjust the system heat supply in a timely manner according to fluctuations in external thermal load,effectively meeting the thermal demand at different times,increasing the peaking capacity of coal-fired generating units,achieving the purpose of enhancing the level of renewable energy consumption of the integrated system,shifting peaks and filling valleys,and building a new type of power supply system.

0 引言

1 储热技术

   1.1 热水储热技术

   1.2 相变填充床储热技术

   1.3 熔盐储热技术

2 储热装置的性能评价指标

   2.1 蓄放热功率

   2.3 Richardson数

   2.4 蓄放热效率

3 耦合系统调峰能力与评价指标

   3.1 配置储热后机组调峰能力分析

   3.2 燃煤发电-储热耦合系统评价指标

   3.3 含耦合系统的电热综合调度模型

4 结语与展望