Mining activities will cause damage to the surface vegetation,soil layer,topography and geomorphology,and will also cause disturbance and destruction to the underground rock and other geological bodies. Regional surface and underground ecological environment systems will also change. Therefore,it is necessary to study the theory and technology of mine ecological environment remediation from the perspective of geology. Based on the study of the main ecological and environmental problems caused by coal mining,this paper puts forward the idea of how to develop the mine ecological and environmental governance from the geological perspective. At the same time,the influence mechanism of coal mining on ecological environment is analyzed,and the theory of ecological geological layer is discussed. Based on the governance principle of “restoring is the past”,through the study and simulation of the sequence structure of the damaged strata,the construction principle and restoration key technologies of ecological geological strata are formed. The paper lists the examples of the promotion and application of the “urgent,difficult and dangerous” ecological management and restoration projects in the Muli mining area of Qinghai in china. The fundamental cause of ecological environmental damage caused by mining is the disturbance and destruction of the original strata system. Strata displacement,deformation,fracture,collapse and stress redistribution are caused by mining. Research result demonstrate that:① the fundamental reason for the damage to the ecological environment caused by mining is that mining disturbs and destroys the original stratum system,causing stratum displacement,deformation,rupture,caving,and stress redistribution. Mining causes the changes,migration and reaccumulation of groundwater and gas systems. Mining will also cause changes in the upper or shallow rocks on the surface,affecting changes in the surface soil,ecological environment,and even changes in the hydrosphere and atmosphere.② The ecological geological layer is the stratum or stratigraphic combination interval that has the effect of controlling the regional ecological environment. The essence of the damage to the ecological environment caused by mine exploration and mining is the destruction of ecological geological layers.③ The key to the governance of the mine ecological environment is to construct and restore the ecological geological layer. By studying the regional original stratigraphic profile and occurrence,and rock structure ,using manual intervention and physical simulation of similar materials,a lithological interval with similar properties to the original stratum is constructed. According to the different treatment and restoration objects,the ecological geological layer can be divided into soil layer,topographic remodeling layer,coal seam roof rock layer,aquifer,etc.,and the plateau alpine region also includes a permafrost layer.④ The selection of ecological geological layer construction materials is the key to ecological restoration. This paper puts forward the technology and method that the waste slag formed by mining can be used as the main material for the construction and restoration of ecological geological layers in the landless area. This method solves the problems such as the inability to realize the foreign soil,land occupation,incompatibility with the environment and pollution in the largescale ecological governance and restoration in the plateau and alpine regions. The proposal and construction principle of ecoflogical geological layer theory solves the problems of mine ecological environment management and restoration caused by geological environment disturbance and damage,such as stratum deformation,rupture,subsidence,surface water cutoff,soil layer,topography and permafrost layer,etc. The research has explored a new path of geological governance for mine ecological environment governance under complex conditions.