矿山的生态治理与环境修复是保证资源开采可持续发展的必要条件。高原高寒煤矿区生态修复涉及煤炭资源勘查开发与保护、冻土、水资源、草甸湿地、土壤、植被、生态环境等多方面的科学问题，难度较大。根据问题导向、科学精准、集中整治、分类施策的要求，遵循“山水林田湖草是一个生命共同体”的理念，对青海木里矿区煤炭露天开采存在的生态环境问题研究发现，目前矿区存在的生态环境问题有地貌景观破坏、植被破坏、土地挖损和压占、冻土破坏、水系湿地破坏与采坑积水、地下水含水层破坏、土地沙化与水土流失、不稳定边坡8种类型。针对以往煤矿开发造成的八大生态环境问题，以煤炭生态地质勘查理论为指导，综合研究并形成了地形地貌重塑技术、土壤重构及植被恢复技术、水系自然连通技术、煤炭资源保护技术、边坡稳定性综合监测技术五大关键技术。综合运用以上技术，系统对采坑渣山治理、植被恢复、水环境和资源等进行统筹规划，对矿区生态环境进行综合整治，形成4种具有高原高寒特色的生态修复重点治理模式，分别为水系连通、引水代填、关键层再造以及依山就势。治理工程实践中按照“地质+生态”、“自然恢复+工程治理”的综合治理思路，通过与各井渣山边坡稳定程度、水系传输与采坑积水情况、资源赋存状态等相结合，最终形成“一坑一策”的7种治理方法:边坡阶梯整治+坑底部分复绿+引水代填形成高原湖泊(聚乎更三号井)、保留采坑积水形成的高原湖泊+边坡与渣山整治+覆土恢复植被+水文定期监测(聚乎更四号井)、采坑部分回填形成梯田+边坡与渣山整治+植被复绿+地表水系自然连通(聚乎更五号井)、资源保护+边坡与渣山整治+采坑形成高原湖泊+水系自然连通+植被复绿(聚乎更七号井)、边坡与渣山平整+植被复绿+保留高原湖泊+水系自然连通(聚乎更八号井)、资源保护+采坑回填+削坡整治美化+地貌恢复与周围环境相协调(聚乎更九号井)、采坑回填+边帮整形+坑底就势整平+景观协调(哆嗦贡玛区)。探索了露天煤矿区生态环境一体化修复治理路径，在木里矿区生态修复治理实践中得到有效的应用，为实现矿区生态与祁连山周边自然环境有机融合奠定了基础，为高原高寒地区的煤矿生态环境修复治理提供借鉴。

Ecological management and environmental restoration of mines are necessary conditions to ensure the sustainable development of resource mining.The ecological restoration of the plateau alpine coal mine area involves many scientific issues such as coal resource exploration and development and protection,frozen soil,water resources,meadow wetland,soil,vegetation,ecological environment,etc.,which is difficult.According to the requirements of problem orientation,scientific precision,centralized rectification,and classified policy implementation,and following the concept of “landscape,forest,field,lake and grass are a community of life”,research on the ecological environment problems existing in open-pit coal mining in Muli mining area found that the current ecological environment in the mining area The problems include landscape destruction,vegetation destruction,land destruction and occupation,frozen soil destruction,water system wetland destruction and water accumulation in mining pits,groundwater aquifer destruction,land desertification and soil erosion,and unstable slopes.Aiming at the 8 major ecological environmental problems caused by coal mine development in the past,guided by the theory of coal ecological geological exploration,5 key technologies have been comprehensively studied and formed,namely:topographic and landform remodeling technology,soil reconstruction and vegetation restoration technology,water system natural Connecting technology,coal resource protection technology,comprehensive slope stability monitoring technology,comprehensively using the above technologies,systematically plan the management of pit slag hills,vegetation restoration,water environment and resources,etc.,and comprehensively remediate the ecological environment of the mining area.Four key management models for ecological restoration with plateau and alpine characteristics are water system connection,water diversion and filling,key layer reconstruction,and mountainous situation and landscape coordination.According to the comprehensive treatment idea of “geology+ecology”,natural restoration+engineering treatment",the treatment engineering practice is combined with the stability of the slopes of each well slag mountain,the transmission of the water system and the accumulation of water in the mining pit,and the state of resource occurrence.Seven treatment methods of “one pit and one policy” were finally formed:slope step improvement+partial re-greening of the bottom of the pit+water diversion to form plateau lakes (Juhu Geng No.3 Well),plateau lakes formed by retaining the water accumulated in the mining pit+Renovation of slope and slag hill+cover soil to restore vegetation+regular hydrological monitoring (Jvhu Geng No.4 Well),partial backfilling of mining pits to form terraces+slope and slag hill renovation+vegetation restoration+natural connection of surface water system (Juhu Geng No.5 Well),resource protection+slope and slag mountain remediation+mining pits to form plateau lakes+water system natural connection+vegetation restoration (Juhu No.7 well),slope and slag mountain leveling+vegetation restoration+retention of plateau lakes+Natural connection of water system (Juhu Geng No.8 well),resource protection+mining pit backfilling+slope cutting and beautification+landform restoration in harmony with the surrounding environment (Juhu Geng No.9 well),mining pit backfilling+side slope shaping+pit Bottom leveling+landscape coordination (Duosuo Gongma District).Explore the path of integrated restoration and governance of the ecological environment in the open-pit coal mine area,and get effective application in the practice of ecological restoration and governance in the Muli mining area,in order to realize the ecological environment of the mining area and the surrounding natural environment of Qilian Mountain The integration has laid the foundation and provided a reference for the restoration and management of the ecological environment of coal mines in the plateau and alpine regions.