化石能源燃烧产生大量CO2，碳捕集、利用与封存技术是目前唯一能实现化石能源大规模低碳化利用的减排技术。化学链燃烧是一种新的解耦燃烧技术，可在燃烧过程中实现原位碳捕集。载氧体是该过程高效稳定运行的关键。钙基载氧体因其特有的高载氧量、低成本、易获得且对环境友好等优势被认为具有应用潜力。总结了化学链燃烧技术及6类常见载氧体的原理及发展，重点介绍了钙基载氧体存在的瓶颈问题——热力学和动力学适宜温区、分压匹配难，总结了国内外通过控制反应条件、添加剂等手段调控反应过程，强化其反应性和再生性的相关研究，并解析了惰性载体、金属氧化物等添加剂对钙基载氧体性能的强化效应和影响机制。研究表明，惰性载体可有效改善载氧体分散特性，从而提升反应活性，有助于提高机械强度。与惰性载体相比，添加金属氧化物可能更有效。传统的功能强化方法可一定程度改善载氧体性能，但难以从根本上突破其再生性差的瓶颈。未来研究可聚焦2方面：基于人工智能在材料科学中的应用，定向筛选与优化廉价钙基天然矿石/工业固废等材料作为载氧体；重构载氧体的形貌构造和晶体结构，调控氧原子、硫原子的迁移转化行为，降低氧传递对硫原子的携带效应，实现再生性能强化。

Fossil fuel combustion emits large amounts of CO2,and carbon capture,utilization and storage (CCUS) is currently the only emission reduction technology that can realize large-scale low-carbon utilization of fossil energy. Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is a recently developed decoupled combustion technology,which can realize in situ carbon capture during combustion. Oxygen carrier is one of key component for developing and optimizing of the CLC technology. Calcium-based oxygen carriers have potential applications due to their unique characteristics of high oxygen loading capacity,low cost,wide availability and environment benign. The principles and development of chemical looping combustion technology,as well as six common types of oxygen carriers,were summarized. The bottleneck problem of calcium-based oxygen carriers,which are difficult to match the appropriate thermodynamic and kinetic temperature and partial pressure zones,were emphatically introduced. In this paper,the relevant researches on the regulation of reaction process by controlling reaction conditions and additives at home and abroad were summarized,and the strengthening effect and influence mechanism of inert carriers,metal oxides and other additives on the performance of calcium based oxygen carriers were analyzed. It has been demonstrated that inert carriers can be effective in improving the dispersion characteristics of the oxygen carriers,thereby increasing reactivity,and contributing to mechanical strength. In comparison to inert carriers,the addition of metal oxides is likely to be more effective. However,in terms of current research progress,traditional functional strengthening methods can improve the performance of oxygen carriers to a degree,but it is difficult to fundamentally breaking the bottleneck of poor regenerative properties. Future research can focus on two aspects to address this issue:utilizing artificial intelligence in materials science,targeted screening and optimization of inexpensive calcium-based natural ores/industrial solid waste materials as oxygen carriers，reconstructing the morphological structure and crystal structure of oxygen carriers to regulate the migration and transformation behavior of oxygen and sulphur atoms,so as to reduce the carrying effect of oxygen transfer on sulfur atoms and achieve regeneration performance enhancement.

0 引言

1 化学链燃烧技术

   1.1 化学链燃烧基本原理

   1.2 化学链燃烧技术发展现状

2 载氧体的发展

   2.1 金属载氧体

   2.2 非金属载氧体

3 钙基载氧体的发展

4 钙基复合载氧体的发展

5 天然矿石/工业固废载氧体的发展

6 结语及展望