煤炭作为我国重要的基础能源和工业原料，其安全开采是保障国家能源安全、支撑经济社会稳定发展的关键。随着浅部煤炭资源的逐渐枯竭，深部开采逐渐成为我国煤炭资源开发新常态，煤岩动力灾害风险随之攀升，严重制约煤炭安全高效开采，对我国煤炭工业可持续发展造成了恶劣的社会负面影响。准确可靠的监测手段是进行煤岩动力灾害防治的必要前提，地球物理监测预警方法通过感知煤岩变形破坏过程中释放的声、电、磁等物理信号来反演煤岩体的损伤破坏状态，已被广泛应用于煤岩动力灾害预警中。其中电磁辐射监测法具有非接触、无损、实时、前兆性强等优势，适用于矿山信息化智能化发展要求。因此，大力推动电磁辐射监测技术的发展，对于煤岩动力灾害防治具有重要意义，可为智慧矿山建设提供重要的技术支持。围绕试验现象、机理模型、技术方法3个方面对电磁辐射理论与技术研究成果进行综述，回顾了电磁辐射现象的发现过程，分析了电磁辐射信号特征、影响因素、力电耦合效应等煤岩电磁辐射特征规律，根据典型电磁辐射机理模型与应力作用、裂纹扩展过程的相关性进行了分类评述，并对现有煤岩电磁辐射监测预警装备及技术方法进行了简要介绍。在此基础上，详细阐述了近年来在煤岩电磁辐射矢量特性研究、煤岩电磁辐射机理微观尺度验证、煤岩电磁辐射定位技术方面取得的新进展。总结了当前煤岩电磁辐射机理未完全揭示和无法实现孕灾区域定位两大理论与技术研究瓶颈，为未来煤岩电磁辐射理论与技术的发展提出了新目标。

As an important basic energy and industrial raw material in China, the safe mining of coal is the key to ensuring the national energy security and supporting the stable development of economy and society. With the gradual depletion of shallow coal resources, deep mining has gradually become the new normal of coal resource development in China, and the risk of coal- rock dynamic disasters has risen, which seriously restricts the safety and efficiency of coal mining, and has caused adverse effects on the sustainable development of coal industry. Accurate and reliable monitoring methods are considered as the prerequisite for the prevention and control of coal-rock dynamic disasters. Geophysical methods are widely used in the early warning of coal and rock dynamic disasters by sensing the acoustic, electrical, magnetic and other physical signals released during the deformation and failure process to retrieve the damage and failure state of coal and rock mass. Among those methods, the electromagnetic radiation method is a non-invasive, non-destructive, real-time and strong precursory technique suitable for the development requirements of mine informatization and intellectualization. Therefore, the development of electromagnetic radiation monitoring technology is of great significance for the prevention and control of coal and rock dynamic disasters and can provide important technical support for the construction of intelligent mines. The research achievements of electromagnetic radiation theory and technology are summarized in three aspects: experimental phenomena, mechanism models and technical methods. The discovery process of electromagnetic radiation phenomenon is reviewed. The signal characteristics, influencing factors, electromechanical coupling effects and other electromagnetic radiation characteristics of coal-rock are analyzed. According to the correlation between typical electromagnetic radiation mechanism models, stress action and crack propagation process, a classified review is made. The existing coal and rock electromagnetic radiation monitoring and early warning equipment and technical methods are then briefly introduced. On this basis, the new progress made in recent years is described in detail, including the research on vector characteristics of electromagnetic radiation, micro-scale verification of electromagnetic radiation mechanism, and electromagnetic positioning technology of coal-rock fracture. It summarizes the two current theoretical and technical research bottlenecks that the mechanism is not fully revealed and the location of disaster-prone areas cannot be achieved. Finally, a new target for the future development of electromagnetic radiation theory and technology is proposed.