自1982年钱鸣高院士提出的“砌体梁”理论得到国际公认以来，煤矿采场矿山压力研究实现从定性假说到定量理论的跨越式发展。40年来，我国的采场岩层运动与控制研究已形成较系统的理论与技术体系，服务于煤炭安全、高效、绿色开采。以“砌体梁”理论学术思想为主线，综述了我国煤矿采场岩层运动与控制研究进展，并提出了今后需要发展的研究方向。“砌体梁”理论采用“梁”“薄板”模型分析基本顶破断规律，揭示了顶板断裂线位于采场煤壁前方；煤壁和矸石支撑下基本顶破断岩块回转挤压，咬合形成“砌体梁”结构；发现了“砌体梁”结构的滑落（S）失稳和回转变形（R）失稳模式，建立了S-R失稳的力学条件，提出了基于“砌体梁”结构平衡的顶板压力计算方法，首次实现了支架-围岩关系的定量分析。“砌体梁”结构采场矿山压力力学模型突破了传统定性假说，为保障煤矿的安全和高产高效作出了历史性贡献。“砌体梁”理论指导煤矿采场顶板控制取得系列进展，如支架-围岩三耦合关系、顶板动载荷模型、支架阻力确定的二元准则、中厚板模型、大空间采场远-近场模型等。在“砌体梁”理论的基础上，钱鸣高院士于20世纪90年代中期提出了关键层理论，建立了下至采场、上至地表全覆岩运动过程的力学联系，实现了采场矿压、岩层移动和地表沉陷研究的统一。“砌体梁”理论与关键层理论指导了我国煤矿采场矿山压力与岩层控制研究，在采场矿压控制、覆岩裂隙分布、采动应力分布、岩层移动与开采沉陷等方面取得重要成果，为煤炭绿色开采与科学采矿奠定了基础。岩层运动与控制理论的进一步发展需集中到岩层运动统一场理论，基于采动岩层控制的灾害防治与减损技术，复杂条件岩层运动规律，岩层运动可视化技术和智能岩层控制技术等方面。

Since widely accepted by international scholars, Voussoir Beam Theory proposed by Academician Minggao Qian helps the research on underground mining pressure realize leapfrog development from the stage of qualitative hypothesis to quantitative analysis. In the past forty years, an integral system has been formed for strata movement theory and strata control technique, contributing to safe, efficient and green mining of underground coal seams. By underlining the voussoir beam theory, critical developments on strata movement and its control have been reviewed. Important topics are proposed for future research. In the voussoir beam theory, rupture characteristics of main roof are studied with beam and thin plate models. It is revealed fracturing line of main roof locates ahead of the longwall face. Due to supporting effects provided by coal wall and caving materials, the rotation of broken blocks of main roof results in the occurrence of compressive force, forming the voussoir beam structure. Both slipping and rotating instability modes of the structure are identified. The SR instability conditions are determined. Based on such understanding, determination method for roof load is proposed through keeping the balance of voussoir beam structure, realizing quantitative analysis on the relation between hydraulic support and surrounding rock. Until now, the voussoir beam structure stands as the most impeccable model for explaining underground mining pressure. It is a major breakthrough for conventional qualitative hypothesis, which makes historic contributions to living safety and working efficiency of the miners. The Voussoir Beam Theory further brings about many achievements on strata control, including three-coupling relation between hydraulic support and surrounding rock, dynamic load model for roof control, medium plate model, far-near field model in longwall face with large space etc. Based on the voussoir beam theory, the key stratum theory is moreover proposed by Minggao Qian in the middle of the 1990s. Mechanical relation between different overburden strata is established during movement process. Coordinative analysis on mining pressure, strata movement and surface subsidence is realized. The Voussoir Beam Theory and key stratum theory provide significant guidance on the research of coal mining pressure and strata movement, contributing to a series of theoretical developments, such as mining pressure control at the face area, mining induced fracture distribution in strata, mining induced stress distribution, strata movement and surface subsidence. Such achievements serve as the foundation of green mining and scientific mining. Further development of the theory should pay attention to unified field theory for strata movement, strata movement based accident and damage prevention technique, strata movement under complex mining conditions, visualization of strata movement and intelligent strata control.

0 引言 1“砌体梁”理论 2 关键层理论 3 采场岩层控制研究进展 3.1 采场矿压控制 3.1.1 支架-围岩三耦合关系 3.1.2 顶板动载荷模型 3.1.3 支架阻力确定的二元准则 3.1.4 厚硬顶板破断的中厚板模型 3.1.5 长工作面顶板分区破断模型 3.1.6 浅埋采场压架机理 3.1.7 大空间采场远-近场结构模型 3.1.8 深埋薄基岩采场“高耸岩梁”模型 3.2 岩层采动裂隙分布 3.3 采动应力分布 3.4 非固态共伴生资源运移规律 3.5 岩层移动与地表沉陷 4 结语及展望