活性焦是一种高效、低成本的烟气污染物净化吸附剂，具有较好的抗碎强度和可再生性能，可应用于电厂等行业烟气脱除污染物，是干法烟气净化技术的核心材料，符合我国绿色经济、循环经济的发展要求。综述了活性焦应用于烟气污染物脱除的研究进展，对活性焦的制备、活化、改性、表征、工程应用进行介绍，且归纳了污染物（SO2、NOx、Hg0、VOCs）在活性焦上的去除机理，总结了影响活性焦吸附性能的相关因素以及废弃活性焦再生工艺的研究成果。目前，活性焦制备的方式有物理制备和化学制备。物理制备主要通过水蒸气等气体在高温条件下使活性焦具有更佳的孔隙结构，而化学制备主要通过酸、碱、盐等溶液对活性焦进行浸渍处理，优化活性焦的孔隙结构，丰富活性焦表面上的官能团，为活性焦提供更多吸附位点，以提高活性焦脱除烟气污染物能力。而在活性焦吸附污染物的过程中，污染物在活性焦上主要发生物理和化学吸附。一部分污染物直接吸附附着在活性焦表面，一部分污染物受吸附条件和活性焦官能团的影响，在吸附位点上发生化学反应，转化为其他易回收或无害物质。其中，烟气中SO2通常转化为H2SO4，NOx催化转化为N2，Hg0主要转化为HgO或HgSO4，VOCs最终转化为CO2和H2O。活性焦通过这一系列的吸附转化过程实现烟气污染物脱除。为提升活性焦的工程应用潜力，经吸附的活性焦还可通过水洗、加热、微波等方式再生使用。活性焦的再生条件、再生方式也得到广泛研究，提高活性焦的循环吸附性能。随活性焦吸附条件（吸附温度、烟气组分等）等影响因素研究的逐渐深入，活性焦脱除污染物效率有较大提升，其中较好的活性焦吸附性能可达90%以上。此外，随活性焦制备工艺逐渐成熟，活性焦协同吸附污染物的效果较好，在一定程度上得以应用。总结了国内外活性焦在工业实践中的应用，并提出该技术存在的问题和展望，为今后活性焦的研究与应用提供参考。

Activated coke is an efficient and low-cost adsorbent for purifying flue gas pollutants with good crushing strength and renewable properties, which can use in power plants and other industries to remove pollutants from flue gas. It is the core material of dry flue gas purification technology, which can meet the development requirements of green economy and circular economy of our country. In this paper, the research progress of activated coke applied in flue gas pollutant removal was reviewed, the preparation, activation, modification, characterization and engineering application of activated coke were introduced, and the removal mechanism of several pollutants (SO2, NOx, Hg0, VOCs) on activated coke was summarized. The related factors affecting the adsorption properties of activated coke and the research results of recycling process of waste activated coke were summarized. At present, activated coke can be prepared by mainly physical activation and chemical activation. Physical activation mainly uses water vapor and other gases under high temperature conditions to make activated coke have a porous structure, while chemical activation is mainly through acid, alkali, salt solutions to impregnate the activated coke, optimize the pore structure of activated coke, enrich functional groups on the surface, provide more adsorption sites for activated coke, in order to improve the ability of activated coke to remove flue gas pollutants. The pollutants have undergone physical and chemical adsorption processes on activated coke in the process of activated coke adsorption of pollutants. Some pollutants are directly physically attached onto the surface of activated coke, while some pollutants will be affected by adsorption conditions and functional groups of activated coke, and chemical reactions will occur at the adsorption site and be converted into other recyclable or harmless substances. Among them, SO2 in flue gas is usually converted to H2SO4, NOx is easily catalytic converted to N2, Hg0 can be converted to HgO or HgSO4, and VOCs will eventually be converted to CO2 and H2O. The activated coke can complete the removal of flue gas pollutants through a series of adsorption and transformation processes. In order to further improve the engineering application capacity of activated coke, the adsorbed activated coke can also be reused through washing, heating, microwave and other ways. The improvement in the cyclic adsorption performance of activated coke by the conditions and methods of regeneration have been studied extensively. As the adsorption conditions of activated coke (adsorption temperature, flue gas components, etc.) and other influencing factors are gradually in-depth studied, the efficiency of pollutant removal of activated coke has been greatly improved, and the better adsorption performance of activated coke can reach more than 90%. In addition, with the preparation process of activated coke becomes gradually mature, activated coke has a better synergistic adsorption effect on pollutants, and has been used to a certain extent. The engineering application of activated coke at home and abroad was also summarized, and some problems and prospects of this technology were put forward, so as to provide reference for the research and application of activated coke in the future.

0 引言

1 活性焦的制备

   1.1 活性焦的制备流程

   1.2 活性焦的活化方法

   1.3 活性焦的改性

   1.4 活性焦的表征

2 活性焦脱硫

   2.1 活性焦脱硫特性

   2.2 烟气成分影响

   2.3 活性焦负载金属氧化物对脱除SO2的影响

   2.4 脱硫活性焦的再生

3 活性焦脱硝

   3.1 脱硝机理及影响因素

   3.2 活性焦负载金属氧化物对脱除氮化物的影响

4 活性焦脱汞

   4.1 活性焦脱除Hg0的吸附机理及影响因素

   4.2 改性活性焦脱Hg0

   4.3 脱汞活性焦的再生性能

5 活性焦脱除有机污染物

   5.1 VOCs的脱除

   5.2 二噁英的脱除

6 活性焦烟气净化

   6.1 协同净化研究

   6.2 协同净化工程应用

7 活性焦净化技术的问题及发展方向

   7.1 科学研究

   7.2 实际应用方面