College of Mechanical Engineering, Quzhou University
Department of Energy andEnvironment System Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology

节能是我国实现“双碳”目标最重要和最经济的手段之一,当前发动机效率不高,工作时有大量余热排放到环境中。 基于塞贝克效应的半导体余热温差发电技术在利用发动机余热方面有独特的优势,吸引了广泛深入的研究。 本文介绍了发动机余热温差发电系统的技术原理、器件结构和余热温差发电系统的构成,并对国内外研究进行了系统回顾,分析了当前热电材料和系统的发展状况、应用潜力、评价指标和存在的问题和挑战,并给出了若干个影响发动机余热温差发电系统性能的关键科学问题和初步解决思路。 热端温度分布的不均匀性是当前余热温差发电系统的设计难点;此外还需要平衡余热温差发电系统中集热器的集热效率和压降之间本征矛盾关系,以便获得最大的节油率。 本文还给出了作者团队在发动机余热温差发电应用示范工程中发现的新问题和获得的新数据,为后续研究提供了有意义的参考。

Energy conservation is one of the most important and economical ways to achieve the targetsof Carbon Emissions Peak and Carbon Neutrality in our country. Waste heat is largely discharged intothe environment during the engine operation resulting in the low engine working efficiency. The technol⁃ogy of semiconductor thermoelectric generation based on the Seebeck effect has great advantages inwaste heat utilization from engines, which has been attracting extensive and intensive researches. Thisstudy introduces the working principle of thermoelectric generation, the device structure, and the com⁃ponents of the thermoelectric generation system. A review of thermoelectric generation research at homeand abroad isalso presented, in which the R&D status, application potential, evaluation metrics, andcurrent challenges of thermoelectric materials and systems are analyzed. Several key scientific problemsthat affect the performance of the waste heat thermoelectric generation system, including thermoelectricefficiency and overall power generation efficiency, are proposed, and the corresponding preliminary so⁃lutions are given. The non-uniformity of the hot-end temperature distribution is one of the essentialproblems to design a high-performance waste heat thermoelectric generation system. In addition, theinherent contradictory between heat collection efficiency of the heat collector and pressure drop shouldbe balanced to achieve the maximum fuel saving rate. Besides, new issues and data in application dem⁃onstration project of engine waste heat utilization have been presented to provide a useful guidance forfuture studies.

浙江省重点研发计划(2020C03115);浙江省自然科学基金重点项目(LZ21E060001)

0 引 言
1 半导体温差发电技术简介
1.1 塞贝克效应
1.2 帕尔贴效应
1.3 汤姆逊效应
1.4 焦耳效应
1.5 温差发电模块及余热温差发电机
2 研究现状
2.1 温差发电材料的研究进展
2.2 发动机余热温差发电的研究进展
3 存在的挑战
(1)余热温差发电机的热端温度不均匀性
(2)集热效率与压降之间的矛盾
(3)沾污影响
(4)发动机排烟温度的波动
4 结 论

郑友取, 应杰, 李国能, 等. 发动机余热温差发电的研究现状与挑战[J]. 能源环境保护, 2023, 37(3):25-35.

ZHENG Youqu, YING Jie, LI Guoneng, et al. Research status and challenges of waste heat thermoelectric gener⁃ation for engines[J]. Energy Environmental Protection, 2023, 37(3): 25-35.