基于我国富煤、贫油、少气的能源结构特点,煤炭在相当长的时间内仍然是我国最重要的化石能源。煤气化是现代煤化工发展的前沿技术,是实现煤炭清洁高效利用的有效途径,对实现国家高质量发展具有重要战略意义。煤气化过程中会产生煤气化细渣,煤气化细渣主要通过填埋的方式进行处理,不仅占用土地,污染环境,而且不利于煤化工企业的长远发展,气化细渣的高效处理再利用迫在眉睫。首先对气化细渣的理化特性进行了分析总结,气化细渣残碳含量与煤种、气化工艺条件、运行工况等因素均相关,但气化细渣的物理化学性质差别不大,主要由SiO2、Al2O3、CaO、Fe2O3和C组成。气化细渣残碳含量一般在20%左右,因煤种和气化操作条件等的差异,部分地区气化细渣残碳含量高达50%,具有一定潜在的利用价值。目前,气化细渣的处理方式主要有筛分分级、重力分选和泡沫分选。系统总结了气化细渣的筛分分级、重力分选和浮选技术,通过筛分分级和重力分选技术,均可以无污染、绿色环保实现气化细渣低成本、高效率再利用。通过浮选强化,可以提高捕收剂在气化细渣残碳表面的吸附与铺展,改善气化细渣的疏水性。最后,根据国内外研究现状,提出了气化细渣分选研究方向。

Coal will be still the most vital fossil energy source in China for a long period of time on the basis of the characteristics of China′scoal-rich,oil-poor and gas-poor energy structure. Coal gasification is the frontier technology for the development of modern coal chemicalindustry,and an effective way to realize the clean and efficient utilization of coal,which is of strategic meaning to realize the high-qualitydevelopment of the whole country. Coal gasification fine slag will be produced in the process of coal gasification,which is mainly disposedof by landfilling,and not only occupies the land and pollutes the environment,but also is not conducive to the long - term growth ofcoal chemical companies. Therefore,the efficient treatment and reuse of coal gasification slag is urgent. Firstly,the physicochemical proper⁃ties of gasification slag were analyzed and summarized. The residual carbon content of gasification fine slag is related to coal type, gasifica⁃tion process conditions and operating conditions, but the physicochemical properties of gasification fine slag do not vary much, main⁃ly composed of SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, Fe2O3 and C. The residual carbon content of gasification fine slag is generally around 20%, and de⁃pending on the coal type and gasification operating conditions, the residual carbon content of gasification fine slag can be as high as 50%in some areas, which has some potential utilization value. At present,carbon ash separation methods of gasification slag are mainlysieving,gravity sorting and froth sorting. The sieving classification,gravity separation and flotation technology of gasification slag were sys⁃tematically summarizes. Through sieving classification and gravity separation technology,low-cost and high-efficiency reuse of gasificationfine slag can be achieved in a pollution-free and green way. The adsorption and spreading of the collector on the carbon residue surfaceof gasification slag can be improved by flotation enhancement,and the hydrophobicity of gasification slag can be improved. Finally,researchdirection of separation of gasification fine slag was proposed according to the current situation of domestic and foreign research.

0 引言

1 煤气化细渣理化特性分析

   1.1 矿相组成分析

   1.2 比表面积与孔径分析

   1.3 表观形貌分析

   1.4 表面官能团分析

2 气化细渣碳灰分离技术

   2.1 筛分分离法

   2.2 重力分选法

   2.3 泡沫浮选法

3 结语与展望