College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology
Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Coal Fires in Shaanxi Province

介绍了煤火的演化发展过程及煤火的特点，阐述了按照探测器空间位置不同划分的4层空间探测技术，即地下探测法、地表探测法、航空探测法及航天探测法的探测机理及研究进展，分析了上述4种探测技术的优缺点。指出现有研究存在的问题：① 探测精度不足，获取范围难以精准圈定。② 探测技术落后，火区高温点精准探测困难。③ 探测手段单一，无法准确判断地下煤火燃烧具体信息。针对地下煤火呈现出隐蔽性、耦合性、复杂性等新特点，提出了地下煤火火源探测技术发展方向：① 对探测仪器数据进行精细化处理，提高磁性差对温度的灵敏度、电阻率法的检测精度、红外探测法的特征提取率及结果精度。② 将高新设备应用于煤火探测技术。③ 完善多层级探测技术的协同利用。首先通过第4层级航天遥感技术进行大规模的火区探测，得到地下煤火异常的基本空间分布特征；然后通过第3层级航空遥感探测技术进一步探测，得到具体的地下煤火空间分布；最后通过第2和第1层级的地表探测技术及地下探测技术进行补充和验证，得到更加详细的煤田火区高温点分布。④ 形成对煤田火区的三维可视化、动态化监测与预警。针对4种不同层级探测技术的数据进行三维反演、联合反演成像，根据成像结果，对煤火发展蔓延进行可视化监测预警，实现地下煤火灾害主动防控。

This paper introduces the evolution and development process of coal fire and its features. This paper expounds on the detection mechanism and research progress of four layers of space exploration technology divided according to the different spatial positions of detectors. The technologies include underground, surface, aerial, and aerospace detection methods. The paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the above four detection technologies. The existing research problems are pointed out. ① The detection precision is insufficient and it is difficult to accurately delineate the acquisition range. ② The detection technology is outdated, and it is difficult to accurately detect high-temperature points in fire areas. ③ The detection method is single and cannot accurately determine the specific information of underground coal fire combustion. In view of the new features of underground coal fire, such as concealment, coupling and complexity, the development directions of underground coal fire detection technology are proposed. ① The detection instrument data needs to be finely processed, so as to improve the sensitivity of magnetic difference to temperature, the detection precision of the resistivity method, the feature extraction rate and the result precision of the infrared detection method. ② It is suggested to utilize high-tech equipment to serve coal fire detection technology. ③ It is suggested to improve the collaborative utilization of multi-level detection technology. Firstly, large-scale fire detection is carried out using the four th level aerospace remote sensing technology to obtain the basic spatial distribution features of underground coal fire anomalies. Secondly, further exploration is carried out using the third level aerial remote sensing detection technology to obtain the specific spatial distribution of underground coal fires. Finally, a more detailed distribution of high-temperature points in the coal field fire area is obtained by using the surface detection technology and underground detection technology at the second level and the first level to supply and verify. ④ It is suggested to develop 3D visual and dynamic monitoring and early warning of coal field fire areas. 3D inversion and joint inversion imaging are performed by use of data from four different levels of detection technology. Based on the imaging results, visual monitoring and early warning of coal fire development and spread are carried out, so as to achieve active prevention and control of underground coal fine disasters.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（52074215，52204239）；陕西省自然科学基础研究计划资助项目（2022JQ-517）；博士后科学基金资助项目（2022M722557）。

邓军，屈高阳，任帅京，等. 地下煤火火源探测研究[J]. 工矿自动化，2023，49(6)：68-77.

DENG Jun, QU Gaoyang, REN Shuaijing, et al. Research on underground coal fire source detection[J]. Journal of Mine Automation，2023，49(6)：68-77.