低碳高效煤炭能源结构转型是碳达峰碳中和(“双碳”)背景下我国能源持续发展的必由之路，煤炭地下气化(UCG)正是其中的一项重要战略选择。基于历史文献调研，分析了我国UCG现场试验探索历程，展望了我国UCG产业化前景。分析认为，我国UCG技术发展和现场试验历程先后经历了初步尝试、沉寂/复苏、广泛探索、技术突破、试验扩展5个发展阶段，为我国新一轮UCG产业化探索奠定了深厚的科学技术基础。以上历程中，3项成果为我国UCG技术发展做出了里程碑式贡献，一是徐州马庄矿井式UCG先导试验首战成功，二是发明“长通道大断面两阶段(LLTS)”UCG工艺，三是内蒙古乌兰察布钻井式UCG现场试验成功。长通道大断面两阶段(LLTS-UCG)工艺，是我国唯一被国际UCG领域公认的创新成果，长通道突破了国际上当时气流通道长度的限制，增加单炉可气化煤量，极大提高了UCG单炉产气能力；大断面提高单炉日产气量，两阶段注气提高煤气转化率，获得了高质量合成气，开创了我国UCG商业化生产先河，且控制方法简单，其基本思想和基本工艺对中深部UCG技术发展同样具有借鉴价值。从国家需求、技术成熟度、资源潜力、保障措施四个方面展望了我国UCG产业化前景，提出了发展重点和产业政策体系建设的建议。一是我国UCG产业化推进短期内重点依赖浅层，需进一步探索低环境损伤高转化率UCG过程调控机理，建立构造煤层、多薄煤层等复杂地质条件UCG技术体系；长远则寄希望于中深层，关键在于发展多场耦合条件下的UCG–煤层气资源–CO₂储存与利用(UCG–CBM–CCUS)协同高效联产工艺技术。二是建议政府制订具有可操作性的UCG产业政策体系，为推进UCG产业化进程提供激励机制及法规保障。研究认识，一方面有利于坚定我国UCG产业化探索之路的信心，另一方面也为进一步创新适合于我国地质条件的UCG工艺技术提供了某些参考。

To achieve peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality in China, a low-carbon and efficient coal energy structure is essential for the sustainable energy development of China. Underground coal gasification (UCG) is an important strategy for transforming the coal energy structure in China. Based on the review of previous literature, this study analyzes the exploration history of the UCG field tests in China and delivers the prospects of UCG industrialization in China. The analytical results show that the development and field tests of UCG technologies in China have experienced five stages, namely the initial attempt, silence/recovery, extensive explorations, making technological breakthroughs, and tests and promotion, laying a solid scientific and technological foundation for a new round of explorations into the UCG industrialization in China. Three achievements have contributed substantially to the development of UCG technology in China as milestones: (1) the success of the first UCG pilot test of mines in Mazhuang, Xuzhou; (2) the invention of the long channel - large cross-section-two stage (LLTS) UCG process; and (3) the success of the UCG field test in wells in Ulanqab, Inner Mongolia. Among them, the LLTS-UCG process is the only internationally recognized innovative achievement in the field of UCG in China. This process breaks through the international limitation on the length of gas flow channels of the time, thus increasing the amount of coal to be gasified by a single furnace and greatly improving the gas production capacity of a single gasifier. Moreover, this process yields high-quality synthetic gas by increasing the single-gasifier daily gas production using large cross-sections and increasing the coal-to-gas conversion rate through two-stage gas injection. The LLTS-UCG process has opened commercial UCG production in China. With simple control methods of the process, the basic philosophy and processes of the process can be used as a reference for the development of UCG technologies for middle-deep coal seams. This study delivers the prospects of UCG industrialization from the aspects of national demand, technological maturity, resource potential, and safeguard measures. Accordingly, some UCG development priorities and suggestions for constructing an industrial policy system are given. The UCG industrialization in China will be concentrated in shallow coal seams in the short term, it is necessary to further explore the regulating mechanism of the UCG process with low damage to the environment and a high coal-to-gas conversion rate and to establish a UCG technology system for complex geological conditions, such as tectonic coal seams and largely thin coal seams. In the long run, it is expected to achieve the UCG industrialization of middle-deep coal seams, for which the key is to develop the collaborative and efficient co-production technology of UCG – CBM (coal bed methane)-carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) under multi-field coupling conditions. Moreover, it is recommended that the government should formulate a feasible UCG industry policy system, aiming to provide incentive mechanisms and regulatory guarantees for promoting UCG industrialization. The results of this study help boost the confidence to explore UCG industrialization in China. Furthermore, and provide some references for further innovating UCG technologies suitable for the geological conditions of China.