相对于地面煤化工装置，煤炭地下气化(UCG)炉体为地质体，地质条件准确认识是推进UCG气化成功的关键前提。为了最大限度避免煤炭地下气化选区选址地质风险，以贵州复杂地质条件为例，系统探讨其煤炭地下气化的敏感性地质因素。通过收集梳理贵州煤炭资源勘查资料，建立归一化的参数分级赋值、参数权重向量算法、参数权重积算法等数学模型，准确获取研究区地质参数量化数据；基于由26个地质因素构成的地质参数集，采用数理统计方法，识别地质风险关键因素对复杂构造区煤层UCG可行性的交叉影响，查明建炉可行性、过程易控性、气化安全性、开发经济性“四性”指标敏感性地质风险源。结果表明：“四性”指标地质参数的敏感性有所差异，建炉可行性、过程易控性、气化安全性、开发经济性的地质因素敏感性依次变弱，UCG可行性对建炉可行性的依赖性最强，过程易控性次之，其他两个条件离散性相对较大，敏感性明显降低；就敏感性程度而言，26项地质参数中最为敏感的是煤的坚固性系数，其他8个主控地质因素分别是煤层厚度、煤层倾角、煤厚变异系数、夹矸厚度系数、断层指数、煤层埋深、奥亚膨胀度和黏结指数，影响建炉可行性、过程易控性两个方面。就贵州UCG敏感性地质因素来说，UCG项目成功与否的关键在于建炉可行性，气化炉选址应优先考虑构造发育特征及其对煤层条件的影响；为持续推进煤炭地下气化产业发展，下一步或可立足于我国煤炭资源特性及赋存条件实际，以“四性”认识为基础建立统一的UCG地质风险评价准则，进而为典型地质条件先导性试验区选址提供科学依据。

Compared to ground coal chemical plants, underground coal gasification (UCG) requires gasifiers as geological bodies. Accurately understanding geological conditions is a critical prerequisite for UCG. To minimize the geological risks involved in UCG siting, this study systematically explored the geological parameters sensitive to UCG based on the intricate geological conditions of Guizhou Province, China. By collecting and organizing the exploration data of coal resources in Guizhou, this study established mathematical models for normalized, graded parameter value assignment, the algorithm of parameter weight vectors, and the algorithm of parameter weight product, with the purpose of obtaining the accurate quantitative data of geological parameters of the study area. Building on the geological parameter set comprising 26 geological parameters, this study identified the cross effects of critical geological risk factors on the feasibility of UCG in coal seams of a complex structural area using a mathematical statistics method. Finally, this study determined the geological risk sources sensitive to four indices: the feasibility of gasifier construction, process-related easy controllability, gasification safety, and the economy of development. The results show that the geological parameters of the four indices exhibit different sensitivities, which gradually weaken in the order of the feasibility of gasifier construction, process-related easy controllability, gasification safety, and the economy of development. The feasibility of UCG manifests the greatest dependence on the feasibility of gasifier construction, succeeded by process-related easy controllability. In contrast, the remaining two indices exhibit significantly reduced sensitivity due to their relatively high discreteness. Regarding the degree of sensitivity, the most sensitive parameter among 26 geological is the firmness coefficient of coal seams, with other eight dominant geological parameters including coal seam thickness, coal seam dip angle, coefficient of coal thickness variation, gangue thickness coefficient, fault index, coal seam burial depth, Audibert–Arnu dilatation, and bond index. These major parameters affect the feasibility of gasifier construction and process-related easy controllability. For the geological parameters sensitive to UCG in Guizhou, the key to the success of UCG projects lies in the feasibility of gasifier construction, and gasifier siting should first consider structural characteristics and their effects on coal seam conditions. To continuously promote the UCG industry, it is feasible to establish unified assessment criteria for the geological risks of UCG based on the abovementioned four indices, as well as the actual features and occurrence conditions of coal resources in China. Accordingly, a scientific basis can be provided for the siting of pilot test areas with typical geological conditions.