School of Artificial Intelligence, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing

为满足煤矿远程监控、视频监视、数据采集、语音通信等需求，煤矿用5G通信系统应具有下列功能：① 远程控制、监控、定位、监视和语音等不同业务承载功能。② 采煤机、掘进机、电铲、挖掘机、无轨胶轮车及电机车等远程控制功能。③ 矿用运输车辆应急远程接管功能。④ 摄像机音视频的远程实时传输功能。⑤ 监控设备、传感器、车辆辅助驾驶等数据采集功能。⑥ 语音通话功能，支持矿用融合调度系统。⑦ 端到端切片功能，满足远程控制、监控、视频和语音等差异化的业务性能要求，提供对应的端到端切片资源。⑧ 支持SA组网方式，支持5G NR的通信制式。⑨ 支持5G LAN以太网通信。⑩ 应急惯性运行功能，当矿区专网与通信运营商公用网络失联时，本地业务可持续在线作业。⑪ 设备级冗余保护功能，当单个物理端口故障时，数据业务不中断。⑫ 核心网双设备冗余保护功能，当主设备故障时，切换备用设备继续提供服务。⑬ 核心网控制面传输机密性和完整性保护功能，保证核心网控制面的安全。⑭ 终端认证、检查和限制接入系统非授权终端的功能，支持煤矿企业安全服务器对终端的认证。⑮ 防止终端攻击系统和合法终端功能。⑯ 核心网、传输设备、基站控制器、基站和终端集成一体化管理的功能。⑰ 网络性能和业务服务性能集中监控功能。⑱ 异常可视告警与故障定位功能。⑲ 矿用5G网络资源评估功能，当煤矿增加新业务或更多终端接入5G网络时，应能评估5G网络资源利用率，并给出是否可上新业务的报告。⑳ 备用电源。煤矿用5G通信系统的主要技术指标应满足下列要求：① 上行速率为20 Mbit/s，无线工作频段为700～900 MHz时，井工煤矿的基站无线覆盖半径（无遮挡）≥500 m；无线工作频段为其他工作频段时，井工煤矿的基站无线覆盖半径（无遮挡）≥150 m。当上行速率为30 Mbit/s时，露天煤矿的基站无线覆盖半径（无遮挡）≥400 m。② 基站到基站控制器的有线传输距离≥10 km。③ 系统最大接入终端数量≥20 000个。④ 井工煤矿的基站和终端无线发射功率≤6 W；露天煤矿的基站发射功率≤320 W；露天煤矿的终端无线发射功率≤6 W。⑤ 基站无线接收灵敏度≤−95 dBm；终端无线接收灵敏度≤−85 dBm。⑥ 无线工作频率应在700 MHz、800 MHz、900 MHz、1.9/2.1GHz、2.6 GHz、3.3 GHz、3.5 GHz、4.9 GHz、6 GHz等频段中选取（井工煤矿优选700～900 MHz）。⑦ 在制式为TDD、帧结构为1D3U1S时，基站接入的多用户的上行平均吞吐率≥600 Mbit/s，下行平均吞吐率≥250 Mbit/s。⑧ 对于井工煤矿，在1 Mbit/s和20 Mbit/s上行业务运行时，系统平均时延应小于20 ms，且端到端时延稳定性应小于100 ms的概率不低于99.99%；对于露天煤矿，在1 Mbit/s和30 Mbit/s上行业务运行时，系统平均时延应小于20 ms，且端到端时延稳定性应小于100 ms的概率不低于99.9%。⑨ 单用户的丢包率≤0.01%。⑩ 单用户从基站A小区切换到基站B小区的切换时延≤100 ms。⑪ 移动台蓄电池连续工作时间应不小于11 h，其中，通话时间应不小于2 h。⑫ 在电网停电后，备用电源向基站、基站控制器及传输设备连续供电时间≥4 h。

In order to meet the needs of remote monitoring, video monitoring, data acquisition, and voice communication in coal mines, the 5G communication system used in coal mines should have the following functions. ① The system has different service-bearing functions such as remote control, monitoring, positioning, surveillance, and voice. ② The system has remote control functions such as coal mining machines, roadheaders, electric shovels, excavators, trackless rubber wheeled vehicles, and electric locomotives. ③ The system has an emergency remote takeover function for mining transportation vehicles. ④ The system has a remote real-time transmission function of camera audio and video. ⑤ The system has data collection functions such as monitoring equipment, sensors, and vehicle-assisted driving. ⑥ The system has a voice call function. ⑦ The system has an end-to-end slicing function that meets the differentiated business performance requirements of remote control, monitoring, video, and voice. ⑧ The system supports SA networking and 5G NR communication system. ⑨ The system supports 5G LAN Ethernet communication. ⑩ The system has an emergency inertia operation function. In case of disconnection between the mining area's private network and the communication operator's public network, local businesses can continue to operate online. ⑪ The system has a device level redundancy protection function that ensures uninterrupted data service in the event of a single physical port failure. ⑫ The system has a dual device redundancy protection function of the core network that allows for the switching of backup devices to continue providing services when the main device fails. ⑬ The system has the core network control surface transmits confidentiality and integrity protection functions to ensure the security of the core network control surface. ⑭ The system has terminal authentication, checking, and restricting access to unauthorized terminals in the system, supporting the authentication of terminals by coal mining enterprise security servers. ⑮ The system has functions that prevent terminal attacks on the system and legitimate terminal. ⑯ The system has the integrated management function of the core network, transmission equipment, base station controller, base station, and terminal. ⑰ The system has a centralized monitoring function for network performance and business service performance. ⑱ The system has an abnormal visual alarm and fault location function. ⑲ The system has the evaluation function of mining 5G network resources. The system can evaluate the utilization rate of 5G network resources and provide a report on whether new services can be accessed when the coal mine adds new services or more terminals are connected to the 5G network. ⑳ The system has backup power supply. The main technical indicators of the 5G communication system used in coal mines should meet the following requirements. ① When the uplink rate is 20 Mbit/s and the wireless working frequency band is 700-900 MHz, the wireless coverage radius (unobstructed) of the base station in the underground coal mine should be ≥ 500 meters. When the wireless working frequency band is other working frequency bands, the wireless coverage radius (unobstructed) of the base station in the underground coal mine is ≥ 150 m. When the uplink rate is 30 Mbit/s, the wireless coverage radius (unobstructed) of the base station in the open-pit coal mine is ≥ 400 m. ② The wired transmission distance from the base station to the base station controller is ≥ 10 km. ③ The maximum number of access terminals in the system is ≥ 20000. ④ The wireless transmission power of the base station and terminal of the underground coal mine is ≤ 6 W. The transmission power of the base station in the open-pit coal mine is ≤ 320 W. The wireless transmission power of the terminal in the open-pit coal mine is ≤ 6 W. ⑤ The base station wireless reception sensitivity is ≤ −95 dBm. The terminal wireless reception sensitivity is ≤ −85 dBm. ⑥ The wireless working frequency should be selected from the frequency bands of 700 MHz, 800 MHz, 900 MHz, 1.9/2.1 GHz, 2.6 GHz, 3.3 GHz, 3.5 GHz, 4.9 GHz, 6 GHz, etc. (preferably 700 to 900 MHz for underground coal mine). ⑦ When the format is TDD and the frame structure is 1D3U1S, the average uplink throughput rate of multiple users accessed by the base station is ≥ 600 Mbit/s, and the average downlink throughput rate is ≥ 250 Mbit/s. ⑧ For underground coal mines, when operating upstream services at 1 Mbit/s and 20 Mbit/s, the average system delay should be less than 20 ms, and the probability of end-to-end delay stability being less than 100 ms should not be less than 99.99%. For open-pit coal mines, when operating upstream services at 1 Mbit/s and 30 Mbit/s, the average system delay should be less than 20 ms, and the probability of end-to-end delay stability being less than 100 ms should not be less than 99.9%. ⑨ The packet loss rate of a single user is ≤ 0.01%. ⑩ The handover delay for a single user from cell A of the base station to cell B of the base station is ≤ 100 ms. ⑪ The continuous working time of the mobile station battery should not be less than 11 hours, among which the call time should not be less than 2 hours. ⑫ After a power outage in the power grid, the backup power supply continuously provides power to the base station, base station controller, and transmission equipment for ≥ 4 hours.

国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0801800）。

孙继平. 煤矿用5G通信系统标准研究制定[J]. 工矿自动化，2023，49(8)：1-8.

SUN Jiping. Research and development of 5G communication system standards for coal mines[J]. Journal of Mine Automation，2023，49(8)：1-8.