我国富油煤资源量巨大,原位热解不但可以实现富油煤的高效低碳利用,还极大延伸了煤炭利用的深度范围。原位加热技术是富油煤原位热解的核心技术,其工艺效率决定了富油煤原位热解经济可行性。总结富油煤热物理性质和热解特征的基础上,介绍了传导加热、对流加热、化学加热和辐射加热4种原位加热技术的发展现状,重点分析了4种加热技术的特点及其在富油煤中的适用性,并优选了富油煤原位加热的高效工艺。研究认为:①富油煤具有导热系数低、比热容高、热扩散系数低等热物理特点,350~650℃为主要热解阶段,提高热解温度有利于可燃气体特别是H2的产出;②富油煤导热系数低,传导加热时间长,加热效率低;对流加热传热效率高,载热介质既有利于传热又有利于焦油产出;化学加热技术反应稳定性难以控制,传热依靠载热介质;辐射加热范围总体有限;③高效的加热技术、载热介质及传热网络是富油煤原位加热的高效条件,推荐对流加热、水蒸气及水力压裂作为首选加热技术、载热介质和致裂技术。

China has abundant tar-rich coal resources.The use of in-situ pyrolysis can make a high efficiency and low-carbon utilization ofoil-rich coal and it also extends the recover depth of coal greatly. In-situ heating technology is the core technology of in-situ pyrolysis oftar-rich coal and its efficiency determines whether the in-situ pyrolysis of tar-rich coal is economical. The development status of conduction heating, convection heating, chemical heating, and radiation heating technology were introduced, their characteristics and applicability on tar-rich coal based on thermo-physical property and pyrolysis characteristic studies were discussed. The advices on high efficiencyprocess of in-situ heating were gived in the end. This paper argues that: ① Tar-rich coal has low thermal conductivity, high specificheat capacity and low thermal diffusion coefficient,and its main pyrolysis temperature range is 350-650 ℃ . Increasing the pyrolysis temperature of tar-rich coal is conducive to the production of combustible gases, especially H2. ② The conduction heating technology requireslong time to heat the coal,which efficiency is very low. Convective heating technology has high heat transfer efficiency and its heat-carrying medium is conducive to both heat transfer and tar production. The reaction stability of chemical heating technology is difficult to controland its heat conduction also depends on heat-carrying medium. The heating range in radiation heating technology is generally limited.③ Efficient heating technology, heat-carrying medium and heat transfer network are the high efficiency conditions of in-situ heating fortar-rich coal. Convection heating technology is recommended as the preferred technology for in-situ heating of tar-rich coal, steam as theheat carrying medium, and hydraulic fracturing as the preferred technology for coal seam fracturing.