State Key Laboratory of Coal Exploration and Intelligent Mining,China University of Mining&Technology
School of Mines,China University of Mining&Technology
IOT Perception Mine Research Center,China University of Mining&Technology

煤矿绿色开采理念提出20a来,理论研究与技术实践取得了重大创新进展,但在精确量化预测、提效降本控制等方面与生产实际需求仍然存在差距。阐述了煤矿全生命周期绿色开采技术框架,提出了煤矿绿色开采需要深入研究的若干方向和建议。在基础理论方面,应遵循关键层理论的“全地层”学术思想,深入研究采动覆岩卸荷膨胀累积效应及其对岩层移动的影响,建立自下而上涵盖煤层直至地表的全地层移动时空动态模型,实现采动应力、裂隙与沉陷的定量预测,最终形成不同地质开采条件下岩层移动的数字孪生模型。在技术方面,需充分利用岩层移动规律,研究发展适应煤矿高效生产的低成本绿色开采技术,具体而言,重点攻关方向之一是“一注五减”绿色开采解决方案,针对绿色开采中采动损害控制领域面临的煤矿充填材料不足问题与“双碳”目标,研发“煤矸石+粉煤灰+CO2”覆岩隔离注浆充填绿色开采技术,实现减沉(减少地表沉陷)、减漏(减少地下水漏失)、减震(减少应力集中与矿震)、减排(减少固废排放)、减碳(减少CO2排放)等“五减”绿色开采效果。另一个需要重点攻关的方向是采动破坏含水层的修复技术,特别是在西部生态脆弱矿区(尤其是浅埋煤层),需给予充分重视,建议借鉴采后土地复垦,通过相关技术与标准研究将含水层修复列为必备环节,进一步落实全生命周期绿色开采。

The concept of green mining in coal mines has been proposed for 20 years,and significant innovative pro⁃gress has been made in theoretical research and technical practice.However,there is still a gap between accurate quantitative prediction,efficiency improvement,cost reduction control,and actual production needs.This article elabo⁃rates on the technical framework for green mining of coal mines life cycle,and proposes several directions and sugges⁃tions for in⁃depth research on green mining.In terms of basic theory,we should follow the academic idea of“whole strata”in the key strata theory,conduct in⁃depth research on the cumulative effect of unloading and expansion of min⁃ing overlying strata and its impact on strata movement,establish a spatiotemporal dynamic model of the entire stra⁃ta movement from bottom to the surface,achieve quantitative prediction of mining stress,fractures,and subsidence,and ultimately form a digital twin model of strata movement under different geological mining conditions.In terms of tech⁃nology,it is necessary to fully utilize the laws of strata movement and research and develop low⁃cost green mining tech⁃nologies that are suitable for efficient production in coal mines.Specifically,one of the key research directions is the “one injection and five reductions”green mining solution.In response to the problem of insufficient coal mine fill⁃ing materials and the“dual carbon”goal,the“coal gangue+fly ash+CO 2”overburden isolated grout injection green mining technology is developed,Realize the“five reductions”of green mining effects,including reducing subsid⁃ence,reducing water leakage,reducing stress concentration and mining tremors,reducing solid waste emissions,and reducing CO 2 emissions.Another key direction that needs to be focused on is the restoration technology for min⁃ing damaged aquifers,especially in ecologically fragile mining areas in the western region(especially shallow coal seams),which needs to be given full attention.It is recommended to learn from post mining land reclamation and make aquifer restoration a necessary link through relevant technology and standard research,further implementing green mining of coal mine life cycle.

国家自然科学基金资助项目(52374143,52174212,U22A20169,52274097,52074265)

许家林,鞠金峰,轩大洋,等.煤矿全生命周期绿色开采研究展望[J].绿色矿山,2023,1(1):79-90.

XU Jialin,JU Jingfeng,XUAN Dayang,et al.Prospects for green mining research of coal mine life cycle[J].Jour⁃nal of Green Mine,2023,1(1):79-90.