The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Internet Application Technology on Mine,China University of Mining and Technology
IoT Perception Mine Research Center,China University of Mining and Technology
State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Protection and Utilization in Coal Mining
State Key Laboratory for Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources,China University of Mining and Technology
School of Mines,China University of Mining and Technology

针对我国保水采煤研究现状及煤矿区采损生态修复的技术需求,提出应开展采动含水层生态功能修复研究,并将其纳入绿色开采技术体系中。在充分阐述采动含水层生态功能修复概念与内涵的基础上,构建了以采动含水层失水流动规律及水径流阻隔关键技术为主的理论与技术框架,分析了当前相关研究进展与未来攻关方向。含水层的损伤失水与生态功能退化本质源于采煤引起的岩层运动与裂隙发育,应在充分掌握含水层失水机制与规律的基础上对其开展生态功能修复理论与技术研究。深入揭示含水层失水路径分布与水流动力耗散规律,将失水流量集中分布的采动影响区作为重点修复的靶区,合理运用“边采边修”、“采后再修”等方式实施水流通道封堵与修复。同时,应充分利用采动岩体裂隙自修复机制及其引起的含水层自恢复效应,开展采动含水层生态功能引导修复研究与实践;基于水-气-岩相互作用产生化学沉淀促进导水裂隙自修复的降渗机理,提出了向含水层下方裂隙岩体中灌注可与地下水产生化学沉淀的修复试剂,以诱导沉淀物在裂隙中吸附-固结并封堵通道的含水层生态功能修复技术路径。在此基础上,阐述了利用铁/钙质化学沉淀进行导水裂隙修复降渗的研究现状,提出未来应重点研究形成利于不同类型导水通道高效封堵的化学沉淀诱导生成对策。研究可望为西北部生态脆弱矿区煤炭开采地下水保护与生态修复提供参考。

In response to the current research status of water conservation coal mining in China and the technical re-quirements for ecological restoration in mining areas,it is proposed to carry out research on ecological function restoration of mining-damaged aquifers and incorporate it into the green mining technology system.On the basis of fully elab-orating the concept and connotation of ecological function restoration in mining-damaged aquifers,a theoretical and technical framework was constructed mainly based on the law of water loss in mining aquifers and key technologies for water runoff interception.The current research progress and future research directions were analyzed.The damage,water loss,and ecological function degradation of aquifers are essentially caused by strata movement and crack devel-opment caused by coal mining.Therefore,ecological function restoration research should be carried out on the basis of fully understanding the water loss mechanism of aquifers.Deeply reveal the distribution of water loss paths and the dis-sipation law of water flow dynamics in aquifers,and take the mining affected area with concentrated water loss flow as the key target area for restoration.Reasonably use methods such as“repairing while mining”and“repairing post mining”to implement water flow channel sealing and restoration.At the same time,it is necessary to fully uti-lize the self-healing mechanism of mining-induced rock fractures and its self recovery effect on aquifers,and carry out research and practice on ecological function guided restoration of mining-damaged aquifers;Based on the self-healing and permeability reduction mechanism of chemical precipitation generated by water-gas-rock interactions on wa-ter-conducting fractures,a remediation technology path for ecological function restoration of aquifers is proposed by in-jecting remediation reagents that can produce chemical precipitation with groundwater into the fractured rock mass be-low the aquifer,in order to promote the adsorption consolidation of sediment in the fractures and block the channels.On this basis,the current research status of using iron/calcium chemical precipitation for water conducting fracture re-pair and permeability reduction is elaborated,and it is proposed that future research should focus on developing chemi-cal precipitation induced generation strategies that are conducive to efficient sealing of different types of water flow channels.The research is expected to provide reference for groundwater protection and ecological restoration dur-ing coal mining in ecologically fragile mining areas in the northwest of China.

国家重点研发计划资助项目(2021YFC2902104);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51604259)

鞠金峰,李全生,许家林,等.采动含水层生态功能修复:概念内涵、理论与技术框架[J].绿色矿山,2024,2(1):21-30.

JU Jinfeng,LI Quansheng,XU Jialin,et al.Ecological function restoration of mining-damaged aquifers:Conceptu-al connotation,theory,and technical framework[J].Journal of Green Mine,2024,2(1):21-30.