绿色开采是我国煤炭开发的必然发展方向。基于中国煤炭科工集团与国家能源集团主持和参与的科研项目,总结凝练分析了我国井工和露天煤矿绿色开采与生态修复方面取得的研究成果及技术现状。包括传统井工煤矿采动损害控制技术、基于开采工艺参数优化和覆岩承载结构稳定性维持的现代源头减损开采技术;露天煤矿生态型优化设计与规划、靠帮开采、沿帮开采与强化内排及生态修复窗口期协同利用等生态减损绿色开采技术;坚硬主控岩层预裂弱化控制导水裂缝带、顶板含水层控水开采、采动裂隙引导修复及采后导水主通道注浆封堵、分布式地下水库、露天煤矿采场注浆帷幕等矿区水资源保护技术;多源固废充填开采技术以及CO2矿化及粉煤灰资源化利用技术;采煤沉陷区井上下协同治理及功能化利用技术;地表裂缝及沉陷区植被分区修复技术;露天煤矿土壤改良与提质增容、内排土场生态型地层立体重构、高效粉尘阻控、植物优选保育与联合修复、景观生态功能提升等技术;煤矿区采动损害协同监测技术,绿色开采的研究与实践表明,我国煤矿已初步形成了以低损害开采、充填开采、保水开采、生态修复等为主的绿色开采理论与技术体系,为绿色矿山建设与煤炭高质量发展提供了可靠的技术保障。最后,提出了我国煤炭绿色开采技术的发展方向和建议。

Green mining is the inevitable direction of coal development in China.Based on the scientific research pro⁃jects hosted and participated by China Coal Technology and Engineering Group and National Energy Group,the re⁃search achievements and technology situation on green coal mining and ecological restoration in China are summarized and analyzed.They include traditional mining damage control and modern damage reduction mining technology based on the optimization of mining process parameters and the stability of the covered rock bearing structure;ecological damage reduction green mining technology,such as ecological optimization design and planning of open⁃pit coal mine,steep end⁃slope mining,mining along slope and strengthening internal dumping,and ecological restoration window co⁃ordinated utilization etc.;water resources protection technology in mining areas,such as Hard main control rock layer by weakening control water diversion fracture belt,water⁃controlled mining of aquifer at the roof,Mining and fissure⁃guided repair and post⁃mining grouting plugging,distributed underground reservoir,grouting curtain of open⁃pit stope;multi⁃source solid waste filling and mining technology;surface and underground collaborative treatment and functional utilization technology in coal mining subsidence area;guided restoration of mining fissure,vegetation zoning restoration of surface cracks and subsidence areas;soil improvement and quality and capacity increase of open⁃pit coal mine,three⁃dimensional reconstruction of inner dump ecological strata,efficient dust resistance control,plant preferred con⁃servation and combined restoration,landscape ecological function improvement and other technologies;collaborative monitoring technology of mining damage,and CO 2  mineralization and fly ash resource utilization technology.The re⁃search and practice of green mining shows that China has initially formed the green mining theory and technology sys⁃tem with low damage mining,filling mining,water conservation mining,ecological restoration,etc.,which provides reli⁃able technical guarantee for green coal mine construction and coal high quality development.Finally,the development direction and suggestions of green coal mining technology in China are put forward.