School of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing)
China Earthquake Disaster Prevention Center
National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of the People’s Republic of China
Geophysical Exploration Center, China Earthquake Administration
Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration

回顾了我国城市活动断层探测工程、活动断层大比例尺填图计划、我国地震重点监视防御区活动断层地震危险性评价等项目的立项过程和主体研究内容，结合近20余年大地震现场地表破裂带的科学考察成果，阐述了强噪声弱信号条件下隐伏活动断层探测定位技术、断层活动性定量鉴定技术、地震危害性评价理论与方法、全过程多源数据管理技术和活动断层探测技术标准体系建设等多方面取得的显著进展；提出了青藏高原隆升变形动力学新模型、活动断层级联破裂机理与大地震成因理论、地震局部化破裂特征与避让理论和高震级地震地质判识标志及其在高震级地震危险区划分中应用等，形成了活动断层滑动习性与避让、震害预防和地震监测预测的新理论、新方法和新理念，并对活动断层探测和研究中活动性定量参数不确定性、相邻段落级联破裂条件与特大地震震级预测、地震地质标志定量化演化特征、基于三维活动断层模型的强震动模拟与地震灾害预测、重大工程跨活动断层的抗断等亟需解决的科学问题和技术难题进行了讨论；最后指出我国需要继续加强活动断层探测与填图工作及其成果的管理，保持城市活动断层探测和大比例尺填图以及深浅构造关系勘探等方面的国际领先优势，引领国际震害预防和有物理意义地震监测预报发展方向。

This study reviewed the approval and initiation processes and major research contents of China's active fault-related projects, such as the urban active fault survey projects, large-scale mapping programs of active faults, and the earthquake hazard assessment of active faults in key earthquake monitoring and prevention areas. By combining the scientific investigation results of the surface rupture zones induced by strong earthquakes over the past 20 years, this study elaborated on significant advances achieved in the following aspects: the survey and positioning techniques for concealed active faults under strong-noise and weak-signal conditions, the quantitative identification techniques for fault activity, theories and methods for earthquake hazard assessment, whole-process multi-source data management techniques, and the construction of technical standard systems for active fault surveys. Furthermore, this study proposed a novel dynamic uplift model of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the cascading rupture mechanism of active faults and the theory on the origin of strong earthquakes they induce, earthquake rupture localization characteristics and related setback theory, and geological identification indicators for high-magnitude earthquakes and their application in determining high-magnitude earthquake hazard zones. As a result, it developed new theories, methods, and concepts for slide behavior and setbacks concerning active faults, earthquake hazard prevention, and earthquake monitoring and prediction. Besides, this study explored some scientific and technical problems that need to be urgently solved in terms of active fault surveys and research, including the uncertainty of quantitative parameters of fault activity, the cascading rupture conditions of adjacent fault segments and the magnitude prediction of great earthquakes, the quantitative evolutionary characteristics of geological indicators, the simulation of strong ground motion and related earthquake hazard prediction based on a 3D active fault model, and the faulting resistance of major projects across active faults. Last, this study proposed that China should further enhance the survey and mapping of active faults, as well as the management of related results, and maintain internationally leading advantages in urban active fault survey, large-scale mapping, and the exploration of relationships between deep and shallow structures, thereby playing a leading role in international earthquake hazard prevention, along with earthquake monitoring and prediction with physical significance.

国家自然科学基金项目(41941016，U1839204)；国家重点研发计划课题(2021YFB2301401)

徐锡伟，李峰，程佳，等. 活动断层研究进展及其科学前沿问题讨论[J]. 煤田地质与勘探，2023，51(12)：1−16.

XU Xiwei，LI Feng，CHENG Jia，et al. Advances in research on active faults and exploration of relevant frontier scientific problems[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration，2023，51(12)：1−16.