双碳背景下,气流分选技术因污染低、成本低、不用水、投资省、工艺简单等优势备受关注。为提升气流分选技术在多领域、多地区、多工况的适应性,解决气流分选物料适用范围窄、细粒分选效率低、设备大型化难等问题迫在眉睫。围绕气流分选理论、技术应用和技术改进3方面系统评述气流分选技术研究进展。首先,介绍了气流分选技术原理,分析气流分选过程颗粒受力及分选理论进展;其次,综述了气流分选在固废、矿业、农业等领域的应用进展,并评析了技术优势和技术短板;再次,系统分析了气流分选供风方式优化和设备结构优化等技术改进进展;最后,给出了通过单体并联和相似放大准则提高设备处理量,通过预干燥、分选干燥一体化、改进入料方式提高潮湿物料适应性与分散性,通过窄粒级分选和保持物料形状一致性的预处理过程提高细粒和薄片物料分选效率等路径。展望了未来气流分选技术在线检测与控制智能化、分选装备大型化、分选效率精细化、分选工艺联合化等方面的发展方向,为气流分选技术进一步研究和推广应用提供重要依据。

Against the backdrop of " carbon peak and carbon neutrality" , airflow separation has garnered attention across various industriesdue to its advantages of environment friendly, low cost, water-free, low investment, and facile process. To upgrade the airflow separationadaptability on multiple fields, regions and working conditions, it is urgent to solve challenges such as narrow sorting range of materials,inefficient fine-grained separation and equipment scaling up difficulties. A systematic review on the research progress of airflow separationaround separation theory, technical application and technology improvement was conducted. The principle of airflow separation was first introduced, the force on particles during pneumatic separation process and the progress of separation theory was analyzed. Secondly, the application progress of airflow separation in solid waste, mining, agriculture was reviewed, the technical advantages and shortcomings wereanalyzed. Subsequently, the technical improvement progress of air supply mode optimization and equipment structure optimization inairflow separation were systematically analyzed. Finally, the solution paths of existing challenges were given, including improving the processing capacity of the equipment through the monomer parallel and similar amplification criteria, improving the adaptability anddispersion of wet materials through integrated pre-drying, separation and drying, and upgraded feeding method, and improving the separation efficiency of fine and thin materials through narrow particle separation and the pretreatment process that maintaining the shape consistency of materials. The future development direction of airflow separation in intelligent detection and control, large-scaling separationequipment, separation efficiency refinement and separation association were prospected, providing important basis for further research andpromotion of airflow separation.

0 引言

1 气流分选技术原理及理论进展

   1.1 气流分选技术原理

   1.2 气流分选过程受力分析

2 气流分选技术应用进展

   2.1 气流分选在固废处置领域应用

   2.2 气流分选在矿业领域应用

   2.3 气流分选在农业领域应用

3 气流分选设备优化

   3.1 气流分选设备供风方式优化

   3.2 气流分选设备结构优化

4 气流分选技术存在问题

5 结语及展望