冲击地压是目前严重影响煤炭安全有效开采的灾害之一，研究锚杆防冲支护原理和技术对防治巷道冲击地压灾害具有重要意义和价值。通过对巷帮煤体整体冲入型冲击地压发生的地质条件以及破坏特征进行总结分析，认为坚硬顶板与坚硬煤层是此类型冲击地压的重要地质特征，而巷帮煤体整体滑脱是其主要冲击破坏特征。在此基础上，以巷帮滑脱煤体为研究对象，建立了顶板−巷道−底板复合结构体力学模型，建立了巷帮煤体发生水平滑移的极限平衡方程，并对各个参数进行分析。结果表明：由于顶板反弹使巷帮煤体竖直方向压力降低，巷帮煤体被构造应力推入巷道发生冲击地压。基于该发生机制模型，认为目前的锚杆支护设计体系在防治巷帮煤体冲入型冲击地压存在不足，并基于其发生和破坏特征，建立了针对巷帮煤体整体滑脱型冲击地压的锚杆防冲支护设计原则，即将顶和底帮锚杆锚固端分别穿层打入稳定的顶底板内，并使用长锚索取代中部帮锚杆，提供锚杆支护的防冲作用。基于新建立的锚杆防冲支护设计方法，以大屯矿区孔庄煤矿7305工作面防冲支护为工程背景，在宽煤柱段巷帮锚杆支护采取了防冲设计，帮顶、底部锚杆及补强锚索均锚固于顶底板内部，能够有效吸收煤体滑动动能，提高安全性。

Rock burst is one of the disasters that seriously affect the safe and effective mining of coal in mine mining. It is of great significance and value to study the principle and technology of bolt anti-impact support to prevent and control the rock burst disaster in roadway. Through the summary and analysis of the geological conditions and failure characteristics of the rock burst of the whole coal body in the roadway, it is considered that the hard roof and hard coal seam are the important geological characteristics of this type of rock burst, and the overall slippage of the coal body in the roadway is the main impact failure characteristics. On this basis, taking the sliding coal body of roadway side as the research object, the mechanical model of roof-roadway-floor composite structure is established, and the limit equilibrium equation of horizontal sliding of roadway side coal body is established, and each parameter is analyzed. The results show that due to the rebound of the roof, the vertical pressure of the roadway side coal body is reduced, and the roadway side coal body is pushed into the roadway by the tectonic stress to cause rock burst. Based on the occurrence mechanism model, it is considered that the current bolt support design system has some shortcomings in preventing and controlling the rock burst of the coal body in the roadway. Based on its occurrence and failure characteristics, the design principle of bolt anti-impact support for the overall slippage type rock burst of the coal body in the roadway is established, that is, the anchoring ends of the roof and bottom bolts are respectively penetrated into the stable roof and floor, and the long anchor cable is used to replace the middle side bolt to provide the anti-impact effect of bolt support. Based on the newly established design method of bolt anti-scour support, taking the anti-scour support of 7305 working face of Kongzhuang Coal Mine in Datun Mining Area as the engineering background, the anti-scour design is adopted in the bolt support of roadway side in the wide coal pillar section. The roof and bottom bolts and reinforcing anchor cables are anchored inside the roof and floor, which can effectively absorb the sliding kinetic energy of the coal body and improve the safety.