随着煤炭开采日益向深部发展，深部采矿引发的围岩大变形破坏和强冲击动力灾害日益严峻。在深部高地应力、高地温、高渗透压、强采动、强流变及多场耦合的复杂地质力学环境下，深部采场的应力场特征、煤岩体破碎性质、岩层移动及能量的积聚释放规律等均发生了显著变化。针对深部采矿中的岩石力学问题，论述了笔者及团队在深部采煤方法、深部巷道破坏机理与围岩控制、深井热害与地热利用三大方向取得的进展，主要包括：① 提出了平衡开采理论和实现平衡开采的110/N00工法，进行了千米深井现场工程应用；② 构建了深部“非均压建井”模式，研发了实现深井稳定提升的SAP系统，形成了可大幅简化井巷工程量和提高矿井采出率的建井方法；③ 研发了多套适用于研究深部岩体在水、高温、高压、结构效应及多场耦合作用下发生宏观破坏的实验系统和可进行微观层面演算的超算系统，揭示了深部软岩大变形破坏机理及多尺度力学特性；④ 研制了深部岩体冲击型和应变型岩爆实验系统，阐述了深部岩体冲击能量沿开挖临空面瞬间释放的非线性动力学行为；⑤ 提出了深部巷道开挖补偿支护理论，进一步发展了具有高恒阻、高延伸率、强吸能和耐冲击超常力学特性的NPR支护材料和技术；⑥ 研发了模拟深部高温、高湿和高压环境下的岩体热力学实验系统，提出了热害治理和热能资源化利用方法，建立了深部热害治理与热能综合利用系统(HEMS)。相关研究成果已在深部开采领域得以应用，可为深部采矿面临的复杂岩石力学问题提供借鉴。

With the gradual development of coal mining into deep strata, the large deformation failure and strong dynamic impact disasters of surrounding rock caused by deep mining are becoming more and more serious. Under the complex geomechanical conditions including high ground stress, high ground temperature, high permeability, strong mining disturbance, strong rheology, and multi-field coupling, the stress field characteristics, rock fragmentation properties, strata movement and energy accumulation and release laws of deep mining areas are significantly different compared with those in shallow mining areas. In response to the rock mechanics issues in deep mining, this paper discusses the research progress made by the authors and team in three aspects: deep coal mining methods, failure mechanism and control of surrounding rock in deep roadway, and deep thermal disaster and geothermal utilization. The main results are as follows: ① the theory of balanced mining and the 110/N00 methodology for achieving balanced mining were proposed and applied in kilometer deep mines. ② The deep shaft construction mode with non-uniform pressure was proposed, and a SAP system to realize the stable lifting was developed. A mine construction method which can greatly reduce the roadway quantities and improve the coal recovery rate was invented. ③ Multiple experimental systems suitable for studying the macroscopic failure of deep soft rock under the effects of water, high temperature, high pressure, structural effects, multi-field coupling were developed. A supercomputing system capable of performing microscopic-level calculations was established. Based on the experimental results, the mechanism of large-scale deformation and failure of deep soft rock and its multi-scale mechanical properties were revealed. ④ An experimental system for simulating deep shock-type and strain-type rock bursts was built, and it was revealed that the rock burst is a nonlinear dynamic behavior in which energy is instantaneously released along the excavation-free surface. ⑤ The theory of excavation compensation support for deep roadway was proposed, and a NPR materials with extraordinary mechanical properties such as high constant resistance, high elongation, strong energy absorption, and impact resistance were invented. ⑥ A thermodynamic experimental system which can simulate deep high temperature, high humidity, and high-pressure environments was constructed, and a high temperature exchange machinery system (HEMS) for heat disaster treatment and heat source resource utilization was established. The above research achievements have been applied in the field of deep mining and can provide guidance for the complex rock mechanics problems faced by deep mining.