钻孔卸压是冲击地压防治中的一种局部防冲措施，但现有研究存在对工程背景和钻孔卸压认识不清等问题，导致一些研究的可信度不高。采用文献调研和理性反思的研究方法，重点对钻孔卸压的界定、我国冲击地压防治中钻孔卸压的早期研究史、钻孔卸压典型工况、钻孔卸压分类、钻孔卸压典型案例等展开研究。结果表明：钻孔卸压是通过钻孔实现卸压目的的一种工程技术，卸压钻孔是为实现卸压目的而施工的钻孔；钻孔卸压并未出现在我国冲击地压防治的早期研究中，进入21世纪以后，我国针对该问题的研究才逐渐增多，钻孔卸压的典型工况包括掘进巷道、回采、修复巷道等；根据不同的分类依据，钻孔卸压可被分为不同类型，钻孔卸压的设计主要涉及卸压钻孔几何参数设计、卸压钻孔组合形式设计和钻孔卸压的施工设计；目前的研究存在钻孔卸压工程与理论不完全对应、过度关注材料特性、对工况区分不清、煤柱侧钻孔卸压研究薄弱等问题，未来应选择符合科学研究范式的方法、手段展开有针对性、有信服力、精细化的研究。

Drillhole destressing is a local measure in the prevention and control of rock burst. However, existing research has problems such as unclear understanding of the engineering background and drillhole destressing itself, resulting in low credibility of some studies. This article adopts the research method of literature survey and rational reflection, focusing on the definition, the early research history in the prevention and control of rock burst in China, typical engineering background, classification, typical cases of drillhole destressing. Drillhole is an engineering technology that achieves pressure relief through drilling, and destressing drillhole is a borehole constructed for the purpose of pressure relief. Drillhole destressing did not appear in the early research stage of the prevention and control of rock burst in China. After entering the 21st century, research on this issue gradually increased in China. Typical engineering background for drillhole destressing includes roadway excavation, mining, roadway restoration, etc. According to different classification basis, drillhole destressing can be divided into different types. The design of drillhole destressing mainly involves the design of geometric parameters of destressing drillhole, the design of destressing drillhole combinations and the construction design of drillhole destressing. Current research has problems such as incomplete correspondence between drillhole destressing engineering and theory, excessive focus on material properties, unclear distinction about engineering background, and weak research on drillhole destressing on the side of coal pillars. In the future, methods and means that conform to the scientific research paradigm should be selected to conduct targeted, convincing, and refined research.