我国煤炭生产以井工开采为主，随着开采深度增加，含盐矿井水在排放量的占比呈现上升趋势。煤矿含盐矿井水是指水中全盐量超过1 000 mg/L的矿井水。根据离子成份占比不同，我国含盐矿井水分为氯化物型、硫酸盐型、碳酸盐型、氯化物–硫酸盐型和复合型等5个类型，其中以氯化物型、硫酸盐型、氯化物–硫酸盐型为主。针对矿井水全盐量超标问题，国家及地方均出台了限盐排放要求，开展了含盐矿井水处理方面的研究和实际应用。阐述了国内外含盐矿井水处理技术发展历程和研究现状，分析了预处理工艺、膜浓缩工艺和蒸发结晶工艺的优缺点和适用条件。含盐矿井水全过程处理技术采用“预处理+多级膜浓缩+分盐结晶”的组合工艺，按膜浓缩预处理工艺的不同，分别论述了高效反渗透处理技术(HERO)和适度分步协同处理技术(SPMS2)的技术特点、适用范围和应用现状；按分盐结晶工艺的不同，分别论述了蒸发分盐结晶技术和纳滤分盐结晶技术的技术特点、适用范围和应用现状。针对当前膜浓缩技术和蒸发结晶技术所面临的挑战以及未来发展方向提出：持续开发高效短流程膜浓缩和低碳蒸发结晶处理技术和设备；持续研究低价值副产盐转化和高价值成分的提取技术；积极探索低品位热源、地热或光伏电能与含盐矿井水联合处理模式；积极探索区域含盐矿井水的集中处理模式；探讨离网新能源应用的技术、政策、经济可行性，研究自然强化蒸发浓缩技术。

China’s coal production is dominated by underground mining. With increasing mining depth, there is an observed rise in the proportion of saline mine water emissions. Saline mine water is mine water with a total salt content exceeding 1 000 mg/L. Based on the distinct ionic composition, China’s saline mine water is categorized into five types: chloride type, sulfate type, carbonate type, chloride-sulfate type, and composite type. The predominant types are chloride type, sulfate type, and chloride-sulfate type. In light of the problem of mine water with a total salt content that exceeds the prescribed standard, the state and local governments have introduced the requirement of salt discharge limitation, and have conducted research and practical application in treating saline mine water. The development history and research status of salt mine water treatment technology internationally are described, and the advantages and disadvantages of the pretreatment process, membrane concentration process, and evaporation crystallization process are analyzed, as well as the applicable conditions. The whole process treatment technology for salt-containing mine water involves a combination of pretreatment, multi-stage membrane concentration, and salt crystallization. The discussion encompasses the technical characteristics, scope of application, and status of high-efficiency reverse osmosis (HERO) and moderate step-by-step synergistic treatment technology (SPMS2) in the context of differing membrane concentration pre-treatment processes. Similarly, the technical characteristics, scope of application, and status of evaporation salt crystallization and nanofiltration salt crystallization technologies are discussed concerning different salt crystallization processes. Concerning the challenges currently faced by membrane concentration and evaporation crystallization technology, and the future development direction, the following proposals are put forward: the ongoing advancement of high-efficiency short-flow membrane concentration and low-carbon evaporation crystallization processing technology and equipment; the sustained investigation of the conversion of low-value by-product salts and the extraction of high-value components; actively explore the joint treatment mode of low-grade heat source, geothermal or photovoltaic power and salt-containing mine water; proactively investigate the regional centralized treatment mode of salt-containing mine water; and explore the technical, policy and economic feasibility of off-grid new energy applications, and study naturally enhanced evaporation and concentration technologies.