在“双碳”目标背景下，如何解决煤矿区高瓦斯矿井瓦斯超限频发及煤层气地面高效抽采难题，就必须想办法实现煤与煤层气2种资源的高效协同开发。依托国家“十三五”和“十四五”科技重大专项持续攻关，紧密结合贵州煤矿“四区”实际，研究探索以煤矿全矿区、全甜点煤层、全时段的煤层气（瓦斯）“四区”联动高效立体抽采模式和技术体系。受煤矿区特殊地质条件的影响，其煤层气抽采及瓦斯治理方式较传统的煤层气开发及井下瓦斯治理技术存在一定差异，特别是在煤矿采空区，当煤层采空后，由于地应力的采后释放与重新分布，在倾向上形成5个应力场，导致临近区域上覆地层会受到不同程度影响，这对煤层气地面开发或瓦斯超前治理带来了新的挑战。现以贵州盘江矿区山脚树矿为例，为实现多薄煤层群发育条件下煤矿“四区”煤层气及卸压瓦斯的高效抽采，基于煤矿区采空、采动及原位地层应力分布及时空错位等特点，采用“一区一策”，创新探索出具有如下贵州特色的煤矿区“四区”联动井上下立体联合高效抽采技术：① 通过在采空区布设多功能抽采直井或小斜度定向井，在贵州地区首次实现对采空区上覆煤岩层卸压瓦斯及下伏甜点煤层煤层气高效抽采及开发；② 在生产区利用时空错位的特点，针对上保护层开采首采煤层采用“煤层气井+卸压井+井下钻孔”多方式抽采模式，在实现煤层气（瓦斯）井上下立体联合抽采的目的同时也有效解决了贵州煤层群发育条件下采煤过程中多源瓦斯涌入采煤巷及上隅角瓦斯易聚集的难题；③ 在准备区及规划区，结合两区地形及地质特点，采用水平井“井工厂”+“两俩对错”叠置布井模式，实现了全区域在平面上超前预抽甜点煤层煤层气及后续采动过程中上覆多煤岩层卸压瓦斯的高效抽采，同时以期实现“以井代巷”的目标；④ 针对研究区多薄煤层群发育及采动后上覆地层“三带”发育特点，由于“四区”角色的不断转变，将先期布设在生产区或准备区的地面煤层气井，采用“桥塞底封+选层射孔”工艺，创新井型结构“变身”技术来实现“一井多用”的目的；真正实现煤层气（瓦斯）井地联合高效协同抽采与利用，也为贵州地区多薄煤层群发育条件下的煤矿区瓦斯治理提供新的技术思路及积累了宝贵的工程经验。

Under the background of “double carbon” goal, how to solve the problem of frequent gas over-limit in high gas mine and efficient surface extraction of coalbed methane in coal mine area, we must find ways to realize efficient cooperative development of coal and coalbed methane resources. Relying on the continuous research of the national “13th Five-Year Plan” and “14th Five-Year Plan” major science and technology projects, closely combined with the reality of Guizhou coal mine “four areas”, research and exploration of coal-bed methane (gas) “four areas” linkage efficient three-dimensional extraction mode and technical system. Due to the special geological conditions of coal mine area, the coal-bed methane extraction and gas control methods are different from traditional coal-bed methane development and underground gas control technologies. Especially in the goaf of coal mine, when the coal seam is goaf, five stress fields are formed in the tendency due to the post-mining release and redistribution of ground stress, resulting in different degrees of impact on the overlying strata in adjacent areas. This brings new challenges to the surface development of coalbed methane or the advance control of gas. Taking Sanjiao Shu Mine in Panjiang Mining area of Guizhou Province as an example, in order to realize efficient extraction of coalbed methane and pressure relief gas in “four zones” under the condition of multi-thin coal seam group development, based on the characteristics of mining area, mining movement, in-situ formation stress distribution and spatial and spatial dislocation, “one zone, one policy” is adopted. It innovated and explored the following high efficiency extraction technology of “four zones” linked Wells in coal mining areas with Guizhou characteristics: (1) By laying multi-functional pumping vertical Wells or small inclination oriented Wells in the goaf, it was the first time in Guizhou to realize efficient extraction and development of pressure relief gas in the overlying coal-covered strata and coal-bed methane in the sweet coal seam below the goaf; (2) Taking advantage of the characteristics of spatial and temporal dislocation in the production area, the multi-mode extraction mode of “coalbed methane well + relief well + underground drilling” is adopted for the first coal seam mined in the upper protective layer, which realizes the purpose of the upper and lower vertical combined extraction of coalbed methane (gas) Wells and effectively solves the problem of multi-source gas flooding into coal mining roadway and gas accumulation in the upper corner during coal mining under the condition of coal seam group development in Guizhou; (3) In the preparation area and planning area, combined with the terrain and geological characteristics of the two areas, the horizontal well “well factory” + “two pairs of right and wrong” overlapping well layout mode is adopted to realize the efficient extraction of coal bed methane in the plane in advance and pre-pumping of the sweet coal seam and the pressure relief gas in the overlying coal-laden rock in the subsequent mining process, and at the same time to achieve the goal of “replacing the roadway with Wells”; (4) In view of the development of multi-thin coal seam groups in the study area and the development characteristics of “three zones” in the overlying strata after mining, due to the continuous change of the role of “four zones”, the surface coalbed methane Wells are initially deployed in the production area or preparation area, and the “bridge plug bottom sealing + layer selection perforation” technology is adopted to innovate the “transformation” technology of well structure to achieve the purpose of “multi-purpose in one well”; It also provides new technical ideas and accumulated valuable engineering experience for gas management in coal mine area under the condition of multi-thin coal seam group development in Guizhou.