为了给研究区底板宝塔山含水层水害防控提供依据，分别采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射、崩解试验、压汞试验、力学和水力性质试验，对延安组底部不同岩性的岩石物理力学水理性质进行了测试和分析。砂岩具有多孔隙连通网络的复合结构，泥岩试样具有较致密的结构。岩石的石英含量为56.2%～80.3%，黏土矿物含量为14.1%～34.7%，随着岩石粒径由粗变细，其石英含量逐渐降低，黏土矿物含量则逐渐升高。泥岩具有一定的耐崩解性，在1～4 min崩解率迅速升高，崩解时间一般不超过10 min。岩石的孔隙度为5.11%～17.03%，随着岩石粒径由粗变细，其孔隙度逐渐减小。砂岩属于中硬岩石，泥岩属于软弱岩石。粗砂岩、中砂岩和细砂岩的渗透系数、给水度、容水度、持水度远大于粉砂岩和泥岩。通过对岩石物理力学水理性质的测试和分析，给出了矿井防治水意义。结果表明，查明延安组底部岩石物理力学性质是分析下组煤面临底板水害威胁程度和制定防控措施的重要工作，可以为底板宝塔山含水层水害防控提供基础资料和依据。

 In order to provide a basis for the prevention and control of water disasters in Baotashan aquifer of the floor in the study area, the physical, mechanical and water-physical properties of rocks with different lithologies at the bottom of the Yan 'an Formation were tested and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, disintegration test, mercury intrusion test, mechanical and hydraulic properties test. The sandstone had a composite structure of porous connected network, and the mudstone sample had a relatively dense structure. The quartz content of the rock was 56.2 % ~ 80.3 %, and the clay mineral content was 14.1 % ~ 34.7 %. As the particle size of the rock changed from coarse to fine, the quartz content gradually decreased, and the clay mineral content gradually increased. Mudstone had a certain resistance to disintegration, and the disintegration rate increased rapidly at 1~ 4 min, and the disintegration time generally did not exceed 10 min. The porosity of the rock was 5.11 % ~ 17.03 %. As the particle size of the rock changed from coarse to fine, the porosity gradually decreased. Sandstone belonged to medium hard rock, mudstone belonged to weak rock. The permeability coefficient, specific yield, water capacity and water holding capacity of coarse sandstone, medium sandstone and fine sandstone were much larger than those of siltstone and mudstone. Through the test and analysis of the physical and mechanical properties of rock, the significance of mine water prevention and control was given.  The results showed that finding out the physical and mechanical properties of the rock at the bottom of the Yan 'an Formation was an important work to analyze the threat degree of the lower coal group to the floor water disaster and to formulate the prevention and control measures, which could provide basic data and basis for the prevention and control of the water disaster in Baotashan aquifer.