化石燃料燃烧排放大量的温室气体,研究CO2减排与利用已成为世界性关注的热点和急需解决的问题。以CO2为原料合成甲醇是大规模实现低碳减排和清洁能源再生产的有效路径。然而,CO2转化高附加值产品的过程仍存在反应活性位点不清晰、催化剂成本高等技术难题。以CO2为原料转化为高附加值化学品的合成路线为切入点,重点介绍了CO2加氢合成甲醇的技术路线及发展现状,总结了甲醇合成过程中影响其选择性的因素;发现催化剂是影响CO2加氢制甲醇工艺过程的重要影响因素之一;进一步比较了不同催化剂的特性,尤其铜基催化剂对合成高产率及高纯度的甲醇具有较好的催化活性;最后,详细分析了铜基催化剂在甲醇合成中的机理及存在的问题;探讨了铜基催化剂活性中心的存在形式,从活性组分、载体、助剂这3个方面,分别分析了其对催化剂的活性、选择性以及稳定性等的影响,展望了CO2加氢合成甲醇技术的发展方向,以期为CO2加氢制甲醇所用高活性、低成本的铜基催化剂制备和筛选提供理论参考。

The combustion of fossil fuels emits a large amount of greenhouse gases.The study of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissionreduction and utilization has become a hot spot of worldwide concern and an urgent problem to be solved.The synthesis of methanol fromCO2 is an effective way to achieve large-scale low-carbon emission reduction and clean energy reproduction. However,there are still sometechnical problems in the process of CO2 conversion of high value-added products,such as unclear reaction active sites and high catalystcost. This paper takes the synthesis route of CO2 as raw material into high value-added chemicals as the starting point,introducing thetechnical route and development status of methanol synthesis from CO2 hydrogenation,and summarizes the factors affecting its selectivityin methanol synthesis process. It is found that catalyst is one of the important factors affecting the process of CO2 hydrogenation tomethanol and further compares the characteristics of different catalysts. In particular,copper-based catalysts have good catalytic activityfor the synthesis of high yield and high purity methanol. Finally,it analyzes the mechanism and existing problems of copper-basedcatalysts in methanol synthesis in detail, and the changes in the activity, selectivity and stability of the catalyst were analyzed from threeaspects:Active components,carriers and additives. In order to provide a theoretical reference for the preparation and screening of copper-based catalysts with high activity and low cost for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol,it also analyzes respectively the effects of activecomponents,supports and additives on the activity,selectivity and stability of the catalysts.