School of Energy and Mining Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing
Engineering Research Center ofGreen and Intelligent Mining for Thick Coal Seam,Ministry of Education

随着我国煤矿开采深度和强度的逐渐增加,冲击地压已经严重威胁煤矿的安全高效生产。充填开采技术通过采空区充填体限制覆岩移动实现绿色开采,对坚硬顶板诱发的冲击地压事故具有防治作用。针对充填开采防治坚硬顶板诱发的冲击地压,从散体充填材料和胶结充填材料的动力学特性、能量传递机制和相关数值模拟研究等3个方面综述了充填体的动力学特性研究进展。当前针对散体充填材料和胶结充填材料的动力学特性和能量传递机制主要利用落锤冲击和霍普金森试验进行研究,PFC和ANSYS数值模拟软件也被广泛应用于研究充填体的动载特性。总结了坚硬顶板诱发冲击地压发生机理为顶板突然垮落使得顶板和煤层中积聚的能量迅速释放,进而引发冲击地压发生;从充实率和能量机制的角度阐述了坚硬顶板与充填体相互作用机制,揭示了充填体具有有效降低煤岩层中能量积聚、减缓能量释放、降低能量传递效率的作用,其作用效果主要取决于充实率的大小。阐述了坚硬顶板诱发冲击地压的固体和胶结充填开采防治技术,分别以济三煤矿6304工作面固体充填和古城煤矿1123工作面胶结充填防治冲击地压工程案例进行了分析,微震实测数据表明充填开采技术能够明显降低工作面开采过程中的微震事件发生次数和能量等级,能够有效防止坚硬顶板型冲击地压的发生。未来,冲击地压的充填开采防治还需要在基础理论方面进行深入研究,研究充填开采条件下岩层移动和能量演化规律,实现岩层精准控制和能量演化的精准预测,研发新型吸能充填材料,达到减冲的目标。

With the gradual increase in the depth and intensity of coal mining in China,the threat of rock burst to thesafety and efficient production of coal mines is becoming increasingly severe. While backfill mining technology can re-alize green mining by restricting overburden movement through backfill body in the goaf,which can prevent rock burstaccidents induced by hard roof. Focusing on the prevention of hard roof induced rock burst by backfill mining technol-ogy,this thesis reviews the research progress of dynamic characteristics of backfill body consisted of loose backfill ma-terials and cemented backfill materials from three aspects:the dynamic characteristics,energy transfer mechanism andrelevant numerical simulation. At present,the research on the dynamic characteristics and energy transfer mechanismof granular filling materials and cemented filling materials is mainly conducted by using drop hammer impact test andHopkinson pressure bar test. PFC and ANSYS are widely used to study the dynamic load characteristics of backfill ma-terials. It is concluded that the mechanism of rock burst induced by hard roof is that the sudden collapse of roof causesrapid release of accumulated energy in roof and coal seam,and then causes rock burst. From the point of view of fillingrate and energy mechanism, the interaction mechanism between hard roof and backfill body is expounded. It isrevealed that backfill body can effectively reduce energy accumulation,slow down energy release and reduce energytransfer efficiency in coal strata,and its effect mainly depends on the filling rate. This thesis also elaborates on the sol-id backfill and cemented backfill mining technology for the prevention and control of hard roof induced rock burst. Theengineering cases of solid backfill in the 6304 working face of Jisan Coal Mine and cemented backfill in the 1123working face of Gucheng Coal Mine is analyzed. The measured microseismic data show that the filling mining technolo-gy can obviously reduce the frequency and energy level of microseismic events in the mining process of the workingface,and can effectively prevent the occurrence of rock burst of hard roof type. In the future,the rock burst preventionand control by backfill mining technology will require in-depth research in basic theories such as:studying the move-ment and energy evolution of rock strata,achieving precise control of rock strata and accurate prediction of energy evo-lution,and developing new energy absorbing backfill materials for reducing rock burst impact.

国家自然科学基金资助项目(U23B2093,52034009)

张俊文,邓雪杰,郑通达.充填开采防治坚硬顶板型冲击地压综述研究[J].绿色矿山,2024,2(2):1-19.

ZHANG Junwen,DENG Xuejie,ZHENG Tongda. A review on hard roof rock burst prevention and control bybackfill technology[J].Journal of Green Mine,2024,2(2):1-19.