School of Mining, Guizhou University
School of Mining Engineering, China University ofMining and Technology

深地开采是未来采矿技术的发展方向,矿井热害是制约深部矿井安全生产的主要因素之一。由于深部矿井工作面处于地层增温带,叠加井下工业热源后,热源具有点多分散、持续时间长、瞬时放热功率大等特点。常规的通风优化、巷道和设备布局优化、隔绝热源等降温技术无法满足深部矿井降温需求,亟待开发和应用高效、绿色、大功率的井下人工制冷技术。从热泵原理出发,讨论了矿区地面和井下热源与热汇的时空分布特点,总结了人工制冷技术应用于深部矿井热害治理中的难点。贵州锦丰金矿目前开采深度达630m,以该矿为例,判别了井下热害来源,计算了冷负荷;根据矿井生产特点比选了降温对象;探讨了利用该矿区附近水体为热汇,通过水源热泵技术对井下空间降温的技术经济可行性;通过实地调研、测量、理论计算和数值模拟,分析了矿区附近绿荫塘、洛凡河、北盘江和生产引水渠4处水体的蓄热容量和热汇稳定性;计算了基于不同水体水源热泵方案的初投资和运行成本,并进行了技术经济对比。经过综合分析后,推荐了将矿井引水渠作为水源热泵冷源,对井口新风进行一次性降温的技术方案。该方案具有降温效果好,投资低,热汇稳定容量大,生态影响小等特点。

The deep mining of mineral resources is the future direction of the mining industry, and thermal hazards inmines have become a major factor limiting safe production. Due to the working face of deep mines being located in tem-perature-increasing strata, combined with underground industrial heat sources, these heat sources exhibit characteristicssuch as being numerous and dispersed, prolonged duration, and high instantaneous heat release power. Current conven-tional cooling technologies such as ventilation optimization, roadway and equipment layout optimization, and isolation ofheat sources cannot meet the cooling needs of deep mines, necessitating the development and application of efficient,green, and high-capacity artificial refrigeration technologies. This paper first discusses the principles of heat pumps andexamines the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of heat sources and heat sinks both on the surface and under-ground in mining areas. It summarizes the challenges of applying artificial cooling technologies to the management ofthermal hazards in deep mines. The Jinfeng Gold Mine in Guizhou is currently mined to a depth of 630 meters. Using thismine as an example, the sources of underground thermal hazards were identified, and the cooling load was calculated.Cooling targets were selected based on the production characteristics of the mine, and the feasibility of using nearby waterbodies as heat sinks through water-source heat pump technology for underground cooling was explored. Field investiga-tions, measurements, theoretical calculations, and numerical simulations were conducted to analyze the thermal capacityand stability of four nearby water bodies: the Lüyin Pond, Luofan River, Beipan River, and the mine diversion channel.Initial investment and operating costs were calculated for water-source heat pump schemes based on different water bod-ies, leading to a technical and economic comparison. After comprehensive analysis, the proposal to use the mine's waterdiversion channel as the heat source for a water-source heat pump to cool the incoming air at the mine entrance was re-commended. This scheme is characterized by good cooling effectiveness, low investment, large stable heat sink capacity,and minimal ecological impact.

国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(52274130)

文志杰,裴鹏,赵杰,等.水源热泵技术应用于深部矿井热害治理−以贵州锦丰金矿为例[J].绿色矿山,2024,2(4):344−356.

WEN Zhijie,PEI Peng,ZHAO Jie,et al. Water-source heat pump in governance of heat hazard in deep mines –An example of Jinfeng Gold Mine, Guizhou[J]. Journal of Green Mine,2024,2(4):344−356.