School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University
National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center ofHigh-Efficient Exploitation Technology for Refractory Iron Ore Resources

随着我国优质铁矿资源的日渐枯竭,现有铁矿资源呈现出“贫、细、杂”的特点,使得矿物分选愈加困难。在此背景下,高梯度磁选通过增强磁场强度、多物理场协同及优化聚磁介质,对提高难选铁矿物回收具有重要意义。因此,综述了不同励磁系统(永磁、电磁和超导)的高梯度磁选机的应用及聚磁介质研究进展。新型永磁材料在永磁高梯度磁选机的应用,提升了设备的磁场强度和稳定性,从而有效增强了矿物的捕获能力。电磁高梯度磁选机在处理弱磁性矿物方面分为湿式和干式2种类型,湿式磁选机主要通过水介质解决介质堵塞问题,而干式磁选机则利用气流优化分选过程,减少了静电效应,从而提高了整体分选效果。超导高梯度磁选机通过超导材料提供高磁场强度,强化了弱磁性矿物分选,但需低温环境,近年来的改进包括新型冷却系统和矿浆脉动结构。此外,详细介绍了高梯度磁选技术中不同材质聚磁介质的磁导率与耐久性,并比较了球形、钢毛、齿板和棒状介质在分选中的优缺点。进一步探讨了介质排列方式对磁场强度和捕获效果的影响,以及评估了介质丝径和不同截面形状对磁场特性和分选性能的影响。最后,对高梯度磁选机未来的研究方向和聚磁介质的优化进行了展望,以期为高梯度磁选领域的技术进步提供参考。

As a consequence of the gradual depletion of high-quality iron ore resources in China, the existing iron ore re-sources exhibit the characteristics of “poor, fine, miscellaneous”, which renders mineral sorting increasingly challenging.In this context, high-gradient magnetic separation is of great significance, as it allows for the improvement of the recoveryof difficult-to-select iron minerals through the enhancement of magnetic field strength, the synergy of multi-physicalfields, and the optimization of magnetic aggregation media. This paper reviews the application of high-gradient magneticseparators with different excitation systems (permanent magnetic, electromagnetic and superconducting) and the progressin the study of polymagnetic media. The utilization of novel permanent magnetic materials in permanent magnet highgradient magnetic separators has been demonstrated to augment the magnetic field strength and stability of the equipment,thereby effectively enhancing the mineral capture ability. An electromagnetic high-gradient magnetic separator can beclassified into two categories, namely wet and dry, depending on the processing of weak magnetic minerals. A wet mag-netic separator primarily addresses the issue of media clogging through the utilization of water media, whereas a dry mag-netic separator employs airflow to enhance the sorting process and mitigate the electrostatic effect, thereby optimizing theoverall sorting efficacy. A superconducting high gradient magnetic separator offers a robust magnetic field strengththrough the incorporation of superconducting materials, thereby reinforcing the sorting of weak magnetic minerals.However, it necessitates a low-temperature environment. In recent years, notable advancements have been made in thisfield, including the introduction of a novel cooling system and the development of a pulp pulsation structure. Furthermore,the magnetic permeability and durability of diverse polymagnetic media are exhaustively delineated, and the benefits anddrawbacks of spherical, steel wool, toothed plate, and bar media in sorting are contrasted. The effects of media arrange-ment on magnetic field strength and capture effect are further explored, as well as the effects of media filament diameterand different cross-sectional shapes on magnetic field properties and sorting performance. In conclusion, the prospectiveresearch direction of the high gradient magnetic separator and the optimisation of the polymagnetic medium are discussed,with the objective of providing a reference for the technological progress in the field of high gradient magnetic separation.

国家自然科学基金资助项目(51974068);国家高层次人才支持计划−青年拔尖人才资助项目(QNBJ-2023-03);辽宁省优秀青年科学基金资助项目(2022-YQ-10)

张鑫宇,程绍凯,李文博.高梯度磁选装备及其磁介质的研究现状[J].绿色矿山,2024,2(4):424−435.

ZHANG Xinyu,CHENG Shaokai,LI Wenbo. Research progress of high gradient magnetic separator and itsmagnetic media[J]. Journal of Green Mine,2024,2(4):424−435.