State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University
Xi’an Thermal Power Research In-stitute Co., Ltd.

燃煤耦合氨燃料燃烧技术符合我国“煤炭的主体能源地位短期内不会发生根本性变化”的能源国情,对我国实现电力系统的碳减排,完成“3060双碳目标”具有重大意义。然而,由于氨燃料本身的燃烧特性与传统化石燃料有很大差异,在电站燃煤锅炉中掺烧氨燃料可能会带来燃烧稳定性变差和NOx排放偏高的问题。基于国内外氨煤耦合燃烧的相关研究,从氨燃料的燃烧技术出发,整理了氨燃料本身存在的问题,分析了掺氨比、掺氨位置、配风方式、燃烧温度等影响因素对氨煤耦合燃烧过程的燃烧特性和气体污染物排放特性的影响,梳理了氨煤掺烧过程反应机理发生的变化,总结了对于燃煤耦合氨燃料燃烧技术的经济性分析,最后对于该技术在未来的研究和应用进行了展望。研究表明,在掺氨比为20%~40%的条件下,通过燃料分级、深度空气分级、富氧燃烧等技术可以使氨煤耦合燃料的燃烧特性和排放特性满足节能减排的工程需求。氨煤耦合燃烧会降低炉膛内整体温度,对燃料的燃尽及氨协同煤焦还原NOx产生不利影响。同时,因掺氨而形成的富水气氛也会促进NOx的生成。当掺氨比为20%时,锅炉热效率基本不发生变化,但碳排放可降低20%左右。未来,若绿氨制备技术得到突破,氨煤混燃的成本将有可能与纯煤燃烧的成本相当甚至更有优势,并进一步推进中国以新能源为主体的新型电力系统的构建。

The ammonia-coal co-combustion technology aligns with China’s national energy conditions, where the mainstatus of coal will not fundamentally change in the short term. This technology is crucial for China to achieve carbon emis-sion reduction in the power system and meet the “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality objectives”. However, due to thedistinct combustion characteristics of ammonia compared to traditional fossil fuels, blending ammonia fuel into coal-firedboilers may result in issues such as reduced combustion stability and elevated NO emissions. Based on relevant domesticand international research on ammonia-coal co-combustion, the existing problems of ammonia fuel are presented. The im-pacts of variables such as the ratio and injection location of ammonia, air distribution mode, and combustion temperatureon the combustion and emission characteristics of ammonia-coal co-combustion are analyzed. Furthermore, changes in thereaction mechanism during ammonia-coal co-combustion are elucidated. The economic analysis of ammonia-coal co-com-bustion technology is also presented, along with future research and application prospects. The results indicate that under a20%−40% ammonia blending ratio, the combustion and emission characteristics can meet energy conservation and emis-sion reduction engineering requirements through proper fuel staging, air staging, and oxy-fuel combustion. Ammonia-coalco-firing results in a decrease in overall furnace temperature, negatively impacting on fuel burnout and the reduction ofNO by ammonia and coal coke. Additionally, the HO-rich atmosphere created by ammonia doping could enhance thegeneration of NO. At a 20% ammonia co-firing ratio, boiler thermal efficiency remains essentially unchanged, while car-bon emissions can be reduced by approximately 20%. Furthermore, advancements in green ammonia production techno-logy could make the cost of co-combustion competitive with, or even more advantageous than pure coal combustion, fur-ther promoting the construction of China’s new energy-based new power system.

国家自然科学基金资助项目(52176129)

陈勇旭,侯育杰,王长安,等.燃煤耦合氨燃料燃烧技术研究进展[J].绿色矿山,2024,2(4):443−456.

CHEN Yongxu,HOU Yujie,WANG Chang’an,et al. Research progress on ammonia-coal co-combustion tech-nology[J]. Journal of Green Mine,2024,2(4):443−456.