大直径救生孔多次在矿山地面钻探救援中得到成功应用，但在快速出动、跨区域救援等应急响应方面仍有短板，在应对复杂地层时大直径救生孔的工艺适配性不足。

从应急救援整体角度出发，以救援时效为指标，就响应能力提升、复杂地层成井工艺等关键技术进行总结。构建了矿山地面钻探救援应急处置流程，明确了预案启动、响应动作和响应速度3个方面的提升内容，建立了跨区域救援层次化出动机制和钻前技术保障响应机制。分析了大直径救生孔松散层、基岩层钻进工艺特点，提出了针对破碎、高涌水等复杂地层施工难点的解决方案，指出了救援提升过程中的典型问题。

研究表明：(1)科学的矿山地面钻探救援应急响应机制是提高救援效率的重要方式之一，通过采用跨区域救援层次化出动机制和钻前技术保障响应机制，可有效提高应急响应效率2.3倍。(2)形成了复杂地层条件下大直径救生孔高效成孔的解决方案，并应用于济宁九顶山矿大直径救生孔工程试验，完钻孔深403.2 m，终孔孔径580 mm，平均机械钻速2.5 m/h，从应急响应到救援提升总用时311.95 h，救援整体时效性提升47%。(3)就救援时效性而言，救援准备阶段的提升效率要优于救援实施阶段，且应急响应能力的提升途径更易实现，因此在钻探工艺和装备提升不大的情况，矿山救援队应着重提升应急备战和快速反应能力。研究结果可满足400 m以浅矿山地面应急救援需求，可指导矿山救援队建立应急响应机制，为大直径救生孔的施工设计提供参考，对矿山地面钻探应急救援具有指导意义。

Large-diameter lifesaving holes have been successfully applied multiple times in mine rescue through surface drilling. However, they show limitations in emergency response like quick dispatch and cross-regional rescue, and their technological adaptability is insufficient to cope with complex strata.

From the perspective of overall emergency rescue, with rescue timeliness as an indicator, this study summarized the critical technologies like response capability enhancement and borehole-forming technology for complex strata. It constructed an emergency handling process for mine rescue through surface drilling, specified the improvements in contingency plan activation, response actions, and response speeds, and established the hierarchical cross-regional rescue dispatch mechanism and the pre-drilling technical support response mechanism. Based on the analysis of the drilling process characteristics of large-diameter lifesaving holes in unconsolidated strata and bedrock layers, this study proposed solutions to construction challenges in complex strata characterized by fragmentation and high water inflow, and typical problems in the rescue lifting process.

Key findings are as follows: (1) A scientific emergency response mechanism for mine rescue through surface drilling is a significant approach for improving rescue efficiency. The emergency response efficiency can be effectively increased by 2.3 times by employing the hierarchical cross-regional rescue dispatch mechanism and the pre-drilling technical support response mechanism. (2) An efficient borehole-forming solution for large-diameter lifesaving holes under complex formation conditions is developed in this study. The solution is applied to the experimental project of the Jiudingshan mine in Jining City, completing a large-diameter lifesaving hole with a final drilling depth of 403.2 m, a diameter of 580 mm at the end location, and an average penetration rate of 2.5 m/h. The total duration from emergency response to rescue lifting takes 311.95 h, improving the overall rescue timeliness by 47%. (3) In terms of rescue timeliness, the efficiency improvement of the rescue preparation phase is superior to that of the implementation phase, with more achievable enhancement in the emergency response capability. Therefore, mine rescue teams are recommended to enhance emergency preparedness and rapid response capabilities in the case of limited enhancement in drilling technology and equipment. The results of this study can be referenced for supplying surface emergency rescue for mines with mining depths shallower than 400 m, guiding mine rescue teams to establish emergency response mechanisms, and conducting construction design for large-diameter lifesaving holes, thus holding significant guiding implications for mine emergency rescue through surface drilling.