为了解转龙湾煤矿高氟地下水水化学特征及其形成机制，选取第四系地下水（QGW）、砂岩地下水（SGW）和矿井水（MGW）水样共48个，综合运用统计分析和水化学等方法进行了相关分析。结果表明：转龙湾煤矿地下水整体表现为弱碱性，主要阳离子为Ca²⁺和Na⁺，阴离子为${mathrm{HCO}}_3^- $和Cl^–；地下水中SO₄ ^2–、Cl^–、TDS、pH、CO₃ ^2–质量浓度均值大小关系为MGW>SGW>QGW，而${mathrm{HCO}}_3^- $和F⁻则存在着SGW>MGW>QGW的特点；QGW、SGW、MGW中F⁻质量浓度的均值分别为0.76、4.55、4.35 mg/L，且SGW、MGW中多数水样的F⁻质量浓度均远超过了标准中的限值（1.0 mg/L）；低氟地下水（$rho_{{mathrm{F}}^{-}} $<1 mg/L）水化学类型主要为HCO₃−Ca·Mg型，而高氟地下水（$rho_{{mathrm{F}}^{-}} $>1 mg/L）的水化学类型主要为HCO₃−Na（35.42%）和SO₄·Cl−Na（45.83%）；转龙湾煤矿高氟地下水中F⁻主要来源为含氟矿物的溶解，此外阳离子交换作用、竞争吸附以及白云石和方解石的溶解沉淀也是高氟地下水形成的重要影响因素。

In order to gain insight into the hydrochemical characteristics and formation mechanism of high fluoride groundwater in Zhuanlongwan Coal Mine, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of 48 samples including quaternary groundwater (QGW), sandstone groundwater (SGW), and mine water (MGW) using statistical analysis and hydrochemical methods. The findings demonstrate that the groundwater in Zhuanlongwan Coal Mine generally exhibits weak alkalinity, with predominant cations comprising of Ca²⁺ and Na⁺, and anions consisting of HCO₃^– and Cl^–. The mean mass concentration of SO₄ ^2–, Cl^–, TDS, pH, and CO₃ ^2– in groundwater follows the order of MGW>SGW>QGW, whereas HCO₃^– and F^– exhibit the trend of SGW>MGW>QGW. Specifically, the average mass concentration of F^– in QGW, SGW, and MGW is 0.76 mg/L, 4.55 mg/L, and 4.35 mg/L, respectively. Notably, most samples from SGW and MGW significantly exceed the permissible F⁻concentration threshold of 1.0 mg/L. The hydrochemical type of low fluoride ($rho_{{mathrm{F}}^{-}} $<1 mg/L) groundwater is primarily identified as HCO₃−Ca·Mg, whereas, the hydrochemical types of high fluoride groundwater ($rho_{{mathrm{F}}^{-}} $>1 mg/L) are mainly HCO₃−Na (35.42%) and SO₄·Cl−Na (45.83%). The dissolution of fluorinated minerals serves as the main source of F^– in the high fluoride groundwater of Zhuanlongwan Coal Mine. Moreover, cation exchange, competitive adsorption, as well as the dissolution and precipitation of dolomite and calcite, are significant factors influencing the occurrence of high fluoride groundwater.

                1 研究区概况
2 材料与方法
3 结果与讨论
3.1 水化学基本特征
3.2 地下水F–的质量浓度特征
3.3 水化学类型
3.4 化学组分相关关系
3.5 高氟地下水成因分析
3.5.1 水–岩作用
3.5.2 矿物溶解与沉淀
3.5.3 阳离子交换
3.5.4 解吸与竞争吸附
3.5.5 人为输入
4 结语