Shaanxi Binchang Hujiahe Mining Co. , Ltd.
Beijing China Coal Mine Engineering Co. , Ltd.
Engineering Technology Research Center, China Nuclear Industry Survey Design and Research Co. , Ltd.

为探究留设底煤开采工作面内巷道底鼓的发生机理及相应的围岩控制技术,以胡家河煤矿402104轨道平巷为工程背景,通过现场矿压监测、理论计算分析、数值模拟研究和现场工业性试验相结合的方法对其进行了系统的研究,结果表明:留设底煤厚度的增加将会导致拱脚位置的水平和垂向偏移量均呈远离巷道的趋势,而留设底煤粘聚力的增加则会导致拱脚位置水平偏移量呈靠近巷道的趋势,垂向偏移量呈远离巷道的趋势;随着拱脚位置逐渐远离巷道,底板内煤岩层发生塑性变形破坏的范围增大,从而导致巷道两帮和底板变形量的增加;通过施打底角斜锚索和锚杆可以控制底煤水平方向运移和其抗剪能力,同时施打底板锚杆或短锚索可以控制底煤垂向方向运移和其强度值。现场工业性试验期间提出了具体的围岩控制方案,围岩整体控制效果较好,整个巷道服务期间其底鼓量最大值不超过0.5m。

In order to explore the mechanism of floor heave in the roadway of the mining face with reserved bottom coal and the corresponding surrounding rock control technology, a systematic study was conducted on the track level roadway of Hujiahe Coal Mine using mine pressure monitoring, theoretical calculation analysis, numerical simulation, and on - site industrial test. The results showed that as the thickness of the reserved bottom coal in the roadway increased, the maximum value and range of vertical upward bending deformation of the beam structure in the floor have both increased to a certain extent. At the same time, it is more prone to deformation and fracture under higher bending moment forces, resulting in longer block structures and more severe floor heave caused by subsequent rotational transport; The increase in the thickness of the reserved bottom coal leads to a trend of horizontal and vertical displacement of the arch foot position away from the roadway, while the increase in the cohesion of the reserved bottom coal causes the horizontal displacement of the arch foot position to be closer to the roadway, and the vertical displacement to be farther away from the roadway; As the position of the arch foot gradually moves away from the roadway, the range of plastic deformation and damage to the coal and rock layers inside the floor increases, leading to an increase in the deformation of both sides of the roadway and the floor; By applying bottom angle diagonal anchor cables and anchor rods, the horizontal movement of bottom coal and its shear resistance can be controlled. At the same time, applying floor anchor rods or short anchor cables can control the vertical movement of bottom coal and its strength value. During the on-site industrial test, a surrounding rock control scheme was proposed. The overall control effect of the surrounding rock was good, and the maximum bottom heave during the entire tunnel service period did not exceed 0. 5 m.

中煤科工开采研究院科技创新基金重点项目(KCYJY-2021-ZD-02);国家自然科学基金项目(52104091);天地科技开采设计事业部创新基金重点项目(KJ-2021-KCZD-02)

田晓兵,邓辉,谢福星,等.深埋煤层留底煤开采巷道底鼓显现机理及其防治研究[J].煤炭工程,2025,57(1):60-70.