深部煤岩体及煤岩组合承载结构的整体失稳是诱发矿井煤岩动力灾害的主要原因之一。为探究复合煤岩的动力学响应行为，首先借助Ф50 mm的分离式霍普金森压杆系统，对复合煤岩开展冲击加载试验，探究应变率A(50～350 s⁻¹)、侧向围压B(4～16 MPa)、来压比C(1～4)的影响；其次，借助Design Expert12软件，设计三因素–三水平的响应曲面试验方案，探究单一因素及因素交互作用对动抗压强度σ、能耗率k的影响；最后，基于叠加理论、Weibull分布等，构建叠加损伤本构模型。结果表明：(1)复合煤岩的力学特性受单因素及因素交互作用影响显著；单因素对σ、k影响：A>C>B；因素交互对σ影响：AC>AB>BC；因素交互对k影响：AB>AC>BC。(2)复合煤岩中煤组分以剪切破坏为主，宏观裂纹易发育至岩组分比例较低的区域，且三元复合煤岩的强度分布呈区域分布特征。其中，复合煤岩强度规律从小到大依次为煤组分–非交界面区域、煤组分–交界面区域、低组分–岩交界面区域、低组分–岩非交界面区域、高组分–岩交界面区域、高组分–岩非交界面区域。(3)构建的损伤本构模型可表征复合煤岩体的动力响应关系，其中理论与试验曲线拟合系数R²≥0.97。研究结果为探究采动阶段工作面的动静载叠加现象、灾害防控提供理论支撑。

The inherent instability of deep coal rock masses and coal-rock composite bearing structures significantly contributes to coal rock dynamic disasters in mines. An experimental investigation into the dynamic response behavior of composite coal-rock was carried out by conducting impact loading experiments using a separated Hopkinson pressure bar system with a 50 mm diameter. The study analyzed the effects of factors like strain rate (A: 50–350 s⁻¹), lateral confining pressure (B: 4–16 MPa), and compression ratio (C: 1–4). Subsequently, a response surface experimental design with three factors and levels was developed using Design Expert12 software to analyze the impacts of individual factors and factor interactions on dynamic compressive strength σ and energy consumption rate k. Finally, a superposition damage constitutive model was formulated based on principles such as superposition theory and Weibull distribution. The results indicate that the mechanical properties of coal rock are notably affected by both individual factors and the interaction between factors. Specifically, the influence of single factors on σ and k follows the order A>C>B, while the impact of factor interactions on σ is ranked as AC>AB>BC, and on k as AB>AC>BC. The coal components within composite coal rock primarily undergo shear failure, leading to the development of macroscopic cracks in regions with lower ratios of rock components. Furthermore, the strength distribution of ternary composite coal rock demonstrates regional characteristics. The strength hierarchy of composite coal rock, from lowest to highest, follows this sequence: coal component non-interface area, coal component interface area, low component rock interface area, low component rock non-interface area, high component rock interface area, and high component rock non-interface area. The developed damage constitutive model effectively portrays the dynamic response relationship of composite coal rock, demonstrating a fitting coefficient of at least 0.97 between the theoretical and experimental curves. These research findings offer valuable insights for investigating the phenomenon of dynamic and static load superposition in the mining face during operations and for disaster prevention and control.