通过地面高压注浆实施区域治理是厚松散承压含水层下煤炭安全开采的主要防治措施之一，然而高压注浆过程造成上覆地层移动变形，诱发地表局部隆起、矿区建（构）筑物偏斜等问题，是区域注浆改造安全施工备受关注的重点。以安徽某矿120501工作面上覆顶板富水砂岩层注浆改造为工程背景，基于COMSOL Multiphysics有限元方法开展数值模拟，研究高压注浆前后对上覆地层作用过程及其时序演化特征，同时构建了分布式光纤全断面监测系统，获得了上覆地层不同深度地层形变响应特征及对地表扰动影响。结果表明：区域高压注浆过程可划分为“充填—扩散—扰动”3个阶段，充填过程对上覆地层基本无扰动影响，扩散过程对上覆地层影响主要表现为水平扰动，进入扰动阶段对上覆地层影响则表现为垂向位移变化。注浆改造过程对地层扰动影响呈现Logistic曲线增长趋势，其扰动影响主要作用在厚松散层下部，在相对隔水层段以竖向拱起为主，在相对含水层段表现为层内压缩。全断面监测结果表明注浆全过程地层形变特征为非线性分布，砂质黏土层与粉砂层为其主要形变贡献层。全断面监测结果与数值模拟结果具备较好的一致性，成果可为东部厚松散层覆盖矿区煤矿安全开采以及区域注浆诱发次生灾害防治工作开展提供思路和实践参考。

Regional treatment through surface high-pressure grouting is one of the primary prevention and control measures for safe coal mining beneath thick and loose confined aquifers. However, the high-pressure grouting process can induce movement and deformation of the overlying strata, leading to local surface uplift and structural deflection in the mining area. This phenomenon is a critical concern in the safety management of regional grouting transformations. Based on the engineering context of grouting transformations in a water-rich sandstone beneath the roof covering at working surface 120501 of a mining area in Anhui Province, this study employs numerical simulations utilizing the COMSOL Multiphysics finite element method. It investigates the process and temporal evolution characteristics of the overlying strata before and after high-pressure grouting. Furthermore, a distributed fiber optic full-section monitoring system is constructed to assess the deformation characteristics of the overlying strata at various depths and their influence on surface disturbances. The findings indicate that the regional high-pressure grouting process can be delineated into three distinct stages: “filling” “diffusion” and “disturbance”. The filling stage exhibits minimal disturbance to the overlying strata, whereas the diffusion stage generates horizontal disturbances. During the disturbance stage, significant vertical displacements are observed in the overlying strata. The influence of grouting on formation disturbance during the reconstruction process follows an increasing trend represented by a Logistic curve. The primary impact of disturbance occurs in the lower sections of the thick loose layer, with vertical arching observed predominantly in the relative water barrier section and compression occurring in the aquifer section. Monitoring results reveal that the deformation characteristics throughout the grouting process are nonlinear, with the sandy clay strata and silty sand strata identified as the primary contributors to deformation. The outcomes of full-section monitoring and numerical simulations align well. The results can offer insights and practical references for ensuring the safe operation of coal mines and effectively preventing and controlling secondary disasters triggered by regional grouting in the eastern thick loose layer covered mining area.