“双碳”战略目标对煤炭行业转型升级和绿色低碳发展提出了新要求。以煤为主的能源结构和煤炭高强度开发带来矿区固废占用土地空间、破坏生态环境和排放温室气体，已成为制约煤炭行业绿色低碳发展的突出问题之一。基于“利废固碳、从哪里来到哪里去”的理念，探寻煤矿区固废无害化、减量化、资源化、低碳化的处置新路径，创新发展矿区固废处置、采空区地下空间充分利用、CO₂捕集利用与封存(CCUS)相融合的关键技术，是“双碳”目标下我国矿区绿色低碳发展的紧迫需求。研究工作表明：煤矸石、粉煤灰、炉底渣和煤气化渣等矿区固废在矿山地下空间充填开采与沉陷治理、煤矿防灭火、建筑用材及农业等领域的资源化利用路径与处置技术已取得重要进展，为矿区固废固定封存CO₂研究提供了基础和启示，但矿区固废固定封存CO₂的工程化技术研究亟待加强；矿区固废矿化固定与封存CO₂潜力大、具有工程可行性，正在形成矿区固废处置−煤基CCUS−采空区充填新的技术体系；矿区固废与CO₂基气−液−固三相介质矿化强化、高效吸收与矿化固碳调控技术、地下空间矿化固碳充填与CO₂密闭封存、采空区充填固定封存CO₂潜力评价与碳去除量核算、采空区充填固定封存CO₂环境与安全性评价等将构成固废处置−煤基CCUS−采空区充填技术体系的核心内涵；矿区固废处置–煤基CCUS–采空区充填技术是未来实现“煤炭生产加工−矿区固废处置−高效矿化固碳与CO₂封存−地下空间充填与利用−矿区地面沉陷防治与生态修复”的无废矿山循环经济模式的关键，矿区固废+CO₂基地下充填与封闭功能材料研发是重要突破口。矿区固废处置、煤基CCUS、采空区充填与地下空间利用、矿区生态修复保护等融合技术研发应用为绿色低碳型矿山建设提供了新的发展思路。

The goal of “double carbon”strategy has put forward new requirements for the transformation and upgrading of the coal industry and the development trend of green and low-carbon. The coal-based energy structure and high intensity coal mining cause solid waste in mining areas to occupy land space, destroy the ecological environment and emit greenhouse gases, which has become one of the prominent problems restricting the green and low-carbon development of the coal industry. Based on the concept of “waste utilization and carbon sequestration, where it comes from”, exploring a new solid waste disposal path of harmless, reduced, resource-based and low carbonization in mining areas, and innovating and developing key technologies that integrate solid waste disposal in mining areas, full utilization of underground space, and CO₂ capture, utilization and storage (CCUS), which are urgent demands of green and low carbon development in mining area under the goal of “double carbon”. The research shows that important progress has been made in the resource utilization path and disposal technology of solid waste such as coal gangue, fly ash, furnace bottom slag and coal gasification slag in the underground space filling mining and settlement control, coal mine fire prevention, building materials and agriculture, which provides the basis and insights for the research of solid waste fixed CO₂ storage in mining areas. However, it is urgent to strengthen the research on the engineering technology of solid waste CO₂ fixed storage in mining area. The solid waste in mining area has great potential and engineering feasibility for fixing and storing CO₂. At present, a new technical system of solid waste disposal and coal-based CCUS is being formed in mining area. Solid waste and CO₂-based gas-liquid-solid three-phase materials mineralization strengthening, high efficiency mineralization carbon fixation and product control, mineralization carbon fixation filling in underground space and CO₂ sealing, the evaluation of CO₂ potential and carbon removal in goaf, and the evaluation of CO₂ environment and safety in goaf will constitute the core connotation of solid waste disposal - coal-based CCUS-goaf filling technology system. Solid waste disposal in mining area-CCUS based coal-goaf filling technology is the key to realizing the waste free mine circular economy model of “coal production and processing-solid waste disposal in mining area-efficient mineralization carbon sequestration and CO₂ storage-underground space filling and utilization-ground subsidence prevention and ecological restoration in mining area” in the future. The research and development of filling and sealing functional materials under the solid waste CO₂ base in mining area is an important breakthrough. Moreover, the research and application of integrated technologies such as solid waste disposal in mining areas, coal-based CCUS, goaf filling, underground space utilization, and ecological restoration and protection in mining areas provide a new development idea for the construction of green and low-carbon mines.