为探究加载系统刚度对岩石破坏模式及能量演化规律的影响，利用自主研发的刚性与变刚度试验系统开展双轴压缩试验，分析侧向约束作用下加载系统刚度对岩石峰后非稳态破坏及能量释放规律的作用机制。结果表明：从能量耗散与释放角度来分析岩样与试验机系统之间的相互作用，揭示了加载系统刚度下岩石破坏过程中能量耗散与释放的关系，并将其划分为稳定破坏(W_d > W_u +W_e)、临界状态(W_d =W_u +W_e)及不稳定破裂(W_d < W_u +W_e)三种模式；在低刚度条件下，岩样的应力应变曲线表现出显著的应力跌落与起伏，呈现局部非稳态破坏，而在高刚度条件下，岩样的峰后应力缓慢下降，曲线呈台阶状并存在残余阶段；随着加载系统刚度的增大，岩样的最大应变能释放量和最大耗散能均呈非线性减少，而侧向约束力的增加则导致最大应变能释放量和最大耗散能的非线性增加；侧向约束的施加增强了刚度回弹效应，改变了岩石破裂时的能量释放模式，在峰后前期(∆W_pe > ∆W_pd)，能量释放较为迅速，峰后中期(∆W_pe < ∆W_pd)，能量主要以耗散为主，峰后后期(∆W_pe ≈∆W_pd)，能量释放和耗散进入稳定阶段。研究结果为理解加载系统刚度对岩石峰后破坏机制及动力灾害防治提供了理论基础，并提出通过侧向约束力、分阶段能量控制和降低岩体储能能力等措施，以改善能量释放模式，增强能量耗散，提升巷道围岩稳定性。

In order to explore the influence of the stiffness of the loading system on rock failure mode and energy evolution law, the self-developed rigidity and variable stiffness test system is used to carry out biaxial compression tests, and the mechanism of the loading system stiffness on the post-peak unsteady failure and energy release law of rock under lateral constraints is analyzed. The results show that: The interaction between the rock sample and the testing machine system is analyzed from the perspective of energy dissipation and release, revealing the relationship between these factors during the rock failure process under the stiffness of the loading system. It can be divided into three modes: stable failure (W_d > W_u +W_e), critical state (W_d =W_u +W_e), and unstable failure (W_d < W_u +W_e). Under low stiffness conditions, the stress-strain curve of the rock sample shows significant stress drop and fluctuation, indicating local unsteady failure. In contrast, under high stiffness conditions, the post-peak stress of the rock sample decreases gradually, and the curve is stepped with a residual stage. With the increase of the stiffness of the loading system, the maximum strain energy release and maximum dissipative energy of the rock sample decrease nonlinearly, while the increase of the lateral binding force leads to the nonlinear increase of the maximum strain energy release and maximum dissipative energy. The application of lateral constraints strengthens the stiffness rebound effect and changes the energy release mode when the rock is fractured. In the early stage after the peak (∆W_pe > ∆W_pd), the energy release is relatively rapid, In the middle stage after the peak (∆W_pe < ∆W_pd), the energy is mainly dissipated, In the late stage after the peak (∆W_pe≈∆W_pd), the energy release and dissipation enter a stable stage. The research results provide a theoretical basis for understanding the post-peak failure mechanism of the loading system stiffness and dynamic disaster prevention, and propose measures such as lateral binding, phased energy control and reducing the energy storage capacity of the rock mass to improve the energy release mode, enhance energy dissipation, and enhance the stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway.