College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University

随着药物和个人护理用品(PPCPs)广泛使用,其对水体生态系统和人类健康的潜在威胁日益显著,抗抑郁药物因其高检测频率和持久性成为研究的热点之一。近年来,针对水体中抗抑郁药物污染的控制和去除,国内外学者提出了多种处理技术。系统综述了抗抑郁药物在环境水体中的迁移转化规律及其生态毒性,重点分析了常规水处理工艺的不足与高级氧化技术(AOPs)的最新研究进展,特别是UV/氯联合高级氧化工艺的应用潜力。综述发现,抗抑郁药物在自然环境中的降解效率较低,通过吸附、生物降解或光降解等途径仅部分去除,而传统水处理技术如活性污泥法和臭氧氧化存在去除率低、副产物生成等问题。高级氧化技术通过产生高活性羟基自由基(·OH)和氯基自由基(·Cl)实现高效降解,显示出显著优势。其中,UV/氯工艺凭借高效性和经济性,成为近年来研究的热点。研究表明,该工艺对典型抗抑郁药物的去除率可达95%以上,并能有效减少二次污染,但其在复杂水质条件下的适应性仍需进一步研究。梳理了UV/氯工艺的反应机理、自由基生成规律及主要影响因素,归纳了现有研究的技术瓶颈和改进方向,并提出了通过优化工艺参数、联合生物处理及拓展实际应用场景的建议,为饮用水处理和污水处理新型污染物控制提供科学参考。

The widespread use of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs, includingantidepressants, and other compounds) has raised significant concerns about the impact on aquaticecosystems and human health. Among these, antidepressants are particularly concerning due to theirfrequent detection, persistence in the environment, and potential harmful effects. Consequently,antidepressants have become a major research focus within the study of PPCPs. In recent years, varioustechniques have been proposed to address the challenge of controlling and removing antidepressantcontaminants from water bodies. However, many of these methods face significant limitations. Thisreview systematically examines the environmental fate and ecotoxicity of antidepressants in aquaticEnergy Environmental Protectionenvironments, highlighting the challenges posed by conventional water treatment methods, as well asthe latest advancements in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), particularly the UV/chlorinecombined oxidation technology. Antidepressants are poorly degradable in natural aquatic environments.Removal is often incomplete and depends on processes such as adsorption, biodegradation, andphotodegradation. Conventional water treatment technologies, including activated sludge systems andozonation, demonstrate limited efficacy in removing antidepressants and may even lead to the formationof toxic by-products. In contrast, advanced oxidation processes, which generate highly reactivehydroxyl radicals (·OH) and chlorine radicals (·Cl), have proven much more effective at degradingthese contaminants. Among the various AOPs, the UV/chlorine process has gained significant attentionfor its ability to achieve high degradation efficiency at a reasonable cost. Studies have shown that theUV/chlorine process can effectively remove over 95% of commonly found antidepressants in water,significantly reducing the risk of forming toxic by-products. However, while the UV/chlorine processdisplays promising results, further research is needed to enhance its adaptability to complex watermatrices. The presence of other contaminants or varying water quality conditions may impact thetreatment performance. This review details the reaction mechanisms, free radical generation pathways,and key influencing factors involved in the UV/chlorine process. It also identifies technical challenges,such as optimizing reaction conditions, improving process efficiency, and minimizing the harmful by-product formation. Several strategies are proposed to overcome these limitations, including adjustingoperational parameters, combining the UV/chlorine process with biological treatment methods, andexploring practical applications in real-world water treatment scenarios. These insights provide acomprehensive understanding of the current state of research on the removal of antidepressants fromwater, offering a scientific foundation for improving drinking water treatment technologies andcontrolling emerging contaminants in aquatic environments.

国家自然科学基金联合基金重点资助项目(U2005206)

李献众,赵文雅,于鑫.抗抑郁药物水体污染及其处理技术研究进展[J].能源环境保护,2025,39(1):60−72.

LI Xianzhong, ZHAO Wenya, YU Xin. Advances in Research on Antidepressant Contamination of WaterBodies and Treatment Technologies[J]. Energy Environmental Protection, 2025, 39(1): 60−72.