【目的】在RH精炼处理的不同阶段,根据需要会加入大量合金,以调整钢液成分,其在RH中的运动、熔化及均匀分布,决定了精炼过程的生产节奏。【方法】通过水模型实验与数值模拟,研究了NaCl饱和溶液与NaCl颗粒分别作为示踪物质,在RH装置内的传输过程及混匀现象。以KCl溶液冷冻制备的盐球类比重型合金,研究其由真空室顶部进入RH后的运动及混匀过程。【结果】结果表明:颗粒与溶液在各点处的无量纲浓度曲线变化趋势一致,颗粒方案的响应时间和第一峰值时间略晚于溶液方案,第一峰值浓度也较低,这和颗粒溶解过程有关。当溶液体积或颗粒质量增加后,在下降管出口处盐水溶液的浓度曲线第一峰浓度较大且峰值时间较短。颗粒作为示踪物质时的混匀时间均远高于(接近2倍)同等盐分溶液的方案。在RH加入盐球时,其在真空室底部短暂停留后流入下降管,随后停留在钢包底部直至融化,期间缓慢释放盐分,使得钢包底部区域达到混匀的时间较长。在实际RH精炼过程中,加入重型难熔合金后,应注意钢包底部区域物质的混合规律。

【Purposes】 At different stages of RH refining process, a large weight of alloys are  added to adjust the composition of steel. The motion, melting, and mixing of alloy in RH determine  the production rate of refining process. 【Methods】  The transport process and mixing phenomenon of  NaCl saturated solution or NaCl particles in water model of RH were studied by water model experi‐ ment and numerical simulation. The salt spheres made by KCl solution were used to simulate the  heavy alloy, and the motion and mixing process after entering RH from the top of vacuum chamber in  the water model was studied.【Findings】The results show that the dimensionless concentration-time  curves of the schemes of particles and solution are consistent at each monitor point. The response time  and the first peak time of the particle scheme are slightly later than those of the solution scheme, and  the first peak concentration of the partide scheme is also lower. This is due to the dissolution process  of particle. When the volume of the solution or the mass of particle increases, the first peak concentra‐ tion of the scheme of salt solution at the outlet of the down-snorkel is larger and the peak time is  shorter. The mixing time of schemes of particles is much higher (nearly twice) than that of the schemes  of solution with the same salinity. When the salt sphere is added to RH, it flows into the down- snorkel after a short time period stay at the bottom of the vacuum chamber, and then stays at the bot‐ tom of the ladle until melting. During the melting period, the salt substance is slowly released, so that  the mixing time at the bottom of ladle is longer. In the actual RH refining process, after adding heavy  alloy that is difficult to melt, it is essential to pay attention to the mixing mechanisms of the substances  at the bottom area of the ladle.