新世纪互联网+及智能化发展势头强劲,在总结煤炭开采历史及科技发展趋势的基础上,思考了煤炭开采如何应对新一轮科技创新的到来,针对我国煤炭开采面临的挑战和机遇,提出了煤炭精准开采的科学构想。煤炭精准开采是基于透明空间地球物理和多物理场耦合,以智能感知、智能控制、物联网、大数据云计算等作支撑,将不同地质条件的煤炭开采扰动影响、致灾因素、开采引发生态环境破坏等统筹考虑,时空上准确高效的煤炭少人(无人)智能开采与灾害防控一体化的未来采矿新模式。煤炭精准开采可显著提高煤炭安全开采自动化、智能化、信息化水平,实现煤炭工业由劳动密集型向具有高科技特点的技术密集型转变。本文凝练了煤炭精准开采的7个关键科学问题和八个主要研究方向,为实现互联网+科学开采的未来少人(无人)采矿提出了技术路径。

As the Internet plus era and intelligence development are intensified in the new century,this research inves- tigates how coal mining copes with the advent of a new round of science and technology innovation by summarizing the history of coal mining and the technological development trends therein. A scientific concept of precise coal mining is proposed to meet the challenges and opportunities facing coal mining in China. By means of technologies including in- tellisense,intelligent control,the Internet of Things,cloud computing and big data,precise coal mining is proposed as a new future mining mode integrating intelligent mining technique with few workers(unmanned),and disaster prevention and control. This mode is based on transparent spaces and geophysics,as well as multi-field coupling to achieve spa- tial-temporal accuracy and efficiency. It is able to comprehensively consider factors relating mining under different geo- logical conditions,including mining influences,relevant factors inducing disasters,and ecological destruction caused by exploitation:it is able to enhance the automatisation,intelligentisation,and informatization levels of safe coal production which promotes the transformation of the coal industry from a labor-intensive,to a technology-intensive sector. The re- search proposes seven key scientific problems and eight major research directions for coal mining and therefore directs the technology route for future science-based mining with few people (unmanned) in the Internet plus era.