基于煤矿可持续发展与环境保护的要求,阐述了煤矿充填开采的必要性,通过收集分析我国20个典型充填开采应用实例,系统论述了巷道掘进抛矸充填、长壁普采矸石充填、长壁综采矸石充填、膏体充填和高水充填等技术特点,得出了巷道掘进矸石充填适用于配采和重要保护场合,长壁综采矸石和膏体充填适用于主采和普通保护场合,高水充填适用于缺少充填材料和单一煤层场合;提出了采煤量、充填量、采出率、吨煤成本、充满率、移近量、下沉量、减沉率、变形量和保护面积可作为充填开采效果的评价指标。最后,建议对高效充填和充填空间密闭做深入研究。

Based on the requirements of the sustainable development and environment protection,the paper stated the necessity of the backfill mining in mine.With the collection and analysis on the application of 20 typical backfill mining faces in China,the paper systematically stated the technical features and suitable conditions of the mine roadway heading with the rejects backill,conventional longwall mining with the rejects bakililfully mechanized longwall coal mining with rejects backlill,high water material backfill and others.The solid rejects backfill of mine roadway heading is suitale for minor output and important protected buildings places.The longwall ful ly mechanized mining with solid rejects and paste backfill is saitable for the meohanized coal mining and conventional mining under the protected buildings places. The high water backill materia is suitable for the mine with shortage of backfill material and a single seam.The coal production,backfill value ,coal recovery rate,cost per ton of coal,backfill rate,convergence value, subsidence value, subsidence reduction rate, deformation value and protected area were provide as the evaluation indexes of the backfill mining effect.Finally,a fruther study should be conducted on high efficient backfill mining,backfill space sealing and others.

国家科技重大专项资助项目(2011ZX05064)；